Free Essays on The Gift

The Gift I am introducing an investigation of The Gift, an anecdotal novel by Danielle Steel. I will give an essential outline of the story line, and I mean to show the omniscient narrator’s perspective in examination of the characters. I incredibly prescribe this novel for anybody to peruse, as it influenced my feelings in a few different ways. I chuckled and cried inside the main part. The whole book makes you take some real time to contemplate life, how valuable it is, and how rapidly it very well may be taken from you. We are completely given endowments of various types in our lives. We need to figure out how to perceive and welcome those endowments and grieve them when they are no longer with us. An upbeat home in a humble community is broken by disaster. A youthful sound five-year-old named Annie illogically and out of nowhere bites the dust. Her parents’ marriage starts to unwind upon her passing. Her sixteen-year-old sibling is going downhill. Out of nowhere, a pregnant more odd stops around and chooses to remain. The 16-year-old sibling becomes hopelessly enamored with the pregnant adolescent, and expectation springs once more in the lamentable Whittaker family. Life is a blessing uncovered in this novel that summons numerous passionate tears and heaps of chuckling. The consummation leaves you needing to compose the creator and implore her to mention to you what occurs straightaway. The omniscient narrator’s perspective permits the peruser to feel the feelings of the considerable number of characters, just as consider both to be of a discussion as it is going on. The setting is in a 1950’s little Midwestern town. Kids play in the boulevards, on the sk ating lake, and go to the film house. The story is told over a timeframe of a while, from December 1952 through December 1953. The book opens with the account of the demise of the five-year-old who is worshiped by her family. The tale closes with an unexpected blessing to that family. The omniscient narrator’s perspective uncovers all the considerations and feelings of each character, making it extremely simple to identify with them.... Free Essays on The Gift Free Essays on The Gift The Gift I am introducing an examination of The Gift, an anecdotal novel by Danielle Steel. I will give an essential synopsis of the story line, and I plan to show the omniscient narrator’s perspective in examination of the characters. I enormously prescribe this novel for anybody to peruse, as it influenced my feelings in a few different ways. I snickered and cried inside the main part. The whole book makes you take some time to consider life, how valuable it is, and how rapidly it very well may be taken from you. We are completely given blessings of various types in our lives. We need to figure out how to perceive and welcome those blessings and grieve them when they are no longer with us. A glad home in a modest community is broken by disaster. A youthful sound five-year-old named Annie foolishly and out of nowhere kicks the bucket. Her parents’ marriage starts to unwind upon her passing. Her sixteen-year-old sibling is going downhill. Out of nowhere, a pregnant more odd stops around and chooses to remain. The 16-year-old sibling becomes hopelessly enamored with the pregnant young person, and expectation springs again in the terrible Whittaker family. Life is a blessing uncovered in this novel that summons numerous enthusiastic tears and bunches of giggling. The consummation leaves you needing to compose the creator and beseech her to mention to you what occurs straightaway. The omniscient narrator’s perspective permits the peruser to feel the feelings of the considerable number of characters, just as consider both to be of a discussion as it is occurring. The setting is in a 1950’s little Midwestern town. Kids play in the avenues, on the skating lake, and go to the film house. The story is told over a timeframe of a while, from December 1952 through December 1953. The book opens with the narrative of the passing of the five-year-old who is revered by her family. The tale closes with an unexpected blessing to that family. The omniscient narrator’s perspective uncovers all the considerations and feelings of each character, making it simple to relate to them....

Comparing Of Mice and Men and John Steinbecks Life Essay -- compariso

 John Steinbeck's horticultural childhood in the California territory dynamically radiates through in the settings and story lines of most of his works. Steinbeck's tale, Of Mice and Men, happens in the Salinas Valley of California. The show is revolved around two nomad ranch laborers, George Milton and Lennie Small, with a fantasy of some time or another possessing their very own position. Lennie Small is a stupid, slow moving, unclear mass with pale eyes whose gigantic physical quality frequently raises him to get into ruckus. George Milton then again is little in height, smart, dull of face and eyes, and goes about as Lennie's watchman and quieting power. Right off the bat in the story the possibility of their ever understanding their fantasy appears to be remote, yet as the plot unfurls (they meet a disabled bunkhouse laborer who needs to go in with them on the plan, and who offers offer to contribute his life reserve funds), the likelihood of satisfaction rises. In the event that the three pool their pay rates toward the finish of the current month, they can stop and move into their homestead. Lennie figures out how to evade calamity for precisely three days. He engages with the coy spouse of Curley, the manager's fierce child. Through a progression of disastrous occasions, he gets terrified and coincidentally executes the young lady. Curley sorts out a gathering to capture Lennie. George gets to Lennie first and out of compassion toward his buddy, shoots him in the head to save him the agony of Curley's shotgun or the hopelessness of detainment. Lennie's murdering of mice and later his executing of the little dog sets up an example that the peruser hopes to be followed. George's tale about Lennie and the young lady with the red dress, which he tells twice, adds to this hope, as do the shooting of Candy's d... ...ypical Steinbeck epic regarding effortlessness, story line, and setting. Steinbeck transplants the information he picked up and the pictures he thought about California in his compositions. Works Cited and Consulted: Blossom, Harold. John Steinbeck. Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999. Davis, Robert Murray. Steinbeck: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972. Fontenrose, Joseph. John Steinbeck: An Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1964. French, Warren. John Steinbeck's Fiction Revisited. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994. Lisca, Peter. The Wide World of John Steinbeck. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1958. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin Books USA Incorporated, 1978. Tedlock, E.W. Steinbeck and His Critics. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1957.  Looking at Of Mice and Men and John Steinbeck's Life Essay - compariso  John Steinbeck's farming childhood in the California region dynamically radiates through in the settings and story lines of most of his works. Steinbeck's tale, Of Mice and Men, happens in the Salinas Valley of California. The show is based on two nomad ranch laborers, George Milton and Lennie Small, with a fantasy of sometime claiming their very own position. Lennie Small is a moronic, slow moving, indistinguishable mass with pale eyes whose tremendous physical quality regularly raises him to get into ruckus. George Milton then again is little in height, shrewd, dim of face and eyes, and goes about as Lennie's watchman and quieting power. From the get-go in the story the possibility of their ever understanding their fantasy appears to be remote, yet as the plot unfurls (they meet an injured bunkhouse specialist who needs to go in with them on the plan, and who offers offer to contribute his life reserve funds), the likelihood of satisfaction rises. In the event that the three pool their compensations toward the finish of the current month, they can stop and move into their ranch. Lennie figures out how to stay away from catastrophe for precisely three days. He engages with the coquettish spouse of Curley, the supervisor's vicious child. Through a progression of appalling occasions, he gets scared and coincidentally executes the young lady. Curley sorts out a gathering to capture Lennie. George gets to Lennie first and out of compassion toward his friend, shoots him in the head to save him the torment of Curley's shotgun or the wretchedness of detainment. Lennie's slaughtering of mice and later his murdering of the doggy sets up an example that the peruser hopes to be followed. George's anecdote about Lennie and the young lady with the red dress, which he tells twice, adds to this hope, as do the shooting of Candy's d... ...ypical Steinbeck epic as far as effortlessness, story line, and setting. Steinbeck transplants the information he picked up and the pictures he thought about California in his compositions. Works Cited and Consulted: Blossom, Harold. John Steinbeck. Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999. Davis, Robert Murray. Steinbeck: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972. Fontenrose, Joseph. John Steinbeck: An Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1964. French, Warren. John Steinbeck's Fiction Revisited. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994. Lisca, Peter. The Wide World of John Steinbeck. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1958. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin Books USA Incorporated, 1978. Tedlock, E.W. Steinbeck and His Critics. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1957. Â

Title of the Paper Essays (2574 words) - Learning, Education

Title of the Paper (The Art of Teaching Book Report) Put together By ( Kadeejah Johnson, [emailprotected] ) Number and Name of Course (Dealing with the Diverse Classroom - EDUC 311 ) Class Meeting Time/Day (M/W/F: 11:00 A.M. - 11:50 A .M.) Educator (Dr. Barrie Ciliberti ) Semester (Fall 2016) The present Date (Monday October 17 , 2016) Bowie State University Branch of Education Bowie, Maryland The Art of Teaching Gilbert Highet Report I Synopsis of the book In the novel, The Art of Teaching, Gilbert Highet takes the significance of knowing how and when to be a decent educator. He records that there are numerous different callings on the planet, anyway the most significant and compensating calling is instructing. He discusses how the instructor has a specific activity and that the main time that an educator gets is over the mid year in the event that the person in question didn't try out summer courses. There are different types of instructing various understudies and an approach to show them the subject that the educator is increasingly quick to instructing. The educator's subsequent prize as depicted in the book as the instructor utilizing his psyche on significant subjects with respect to Literature, Social examinations, arithmetic and expressions of the human experience. The educator is the most significant character and most important player in the study hall. There are characteristics of an educator that are acceptable and consider s there to be a distinction in who the instructor is and what the educator educates. Highet examines how instructing is indistinguishable from realizing, which enrolls that there is a decent educator that puts forth an attempt to become familiar with what he instructs. The instructor should trust in the esteem and be keen regarding the matter that the person in question educates. Highet additionally propose that the main purpose behind learning, and it is with the goal that young men read and need to master something advantageous. The educator has been said as the difficult solver, the person who ceaselessly discovers understudies and teach them dependent on the sole reality that they are the future, and are required to gain proficiency with all that is conceded to them as people. This is the place he starts to make reference to that youngsters can't picked their educators, until they arrive at college age and in some cases not and, after its all said and done. A shrewd educator will shield his understudies from feeling he is playing an exchange instead of having the option to by one way or another extend such information to his students. An instructor must not simply like the youthful on the grounds that they are youthful. Which is the reason it i s imperative to acknowledge he should likewise appreciate working in gatherings and understudies working in gatherings, which Highet found the most all inclusive factor of instructing is that the instructor must appreciate the states of instructing and to discover the vitality in their understudies. Highet found that if an educator inclines toward working in a lab or perusing in a library they will never be a decent instructor. He additionally goes into the reality there being social issues in school the educator must go about as the pioneer of a gathering, and feel a similar progression of vitality as the understudies dependent on not being drained while he's instructing. He at that point goes into clarifying the timespan during the sixties where champion was a major piece of the bombing educational system. Battles would break out and quite a bit of it was a direct result of the absence of good educators. Highet had trusted that understudies would take the instructor and stowed away or her character and make an arrangement of gaining from them. It has been said that the instructor must know his understudies and should know their names, propensities and the way that they learn. He found that it was significant for understudies to cause the instructor to feel progressively commit ted to learning. Highet likewise hints that so as to impact them in any capacity they should be persuaded that the instructor knows them. The specialty of educating, similar to the craft of recuperating comprise in perceiving the mix of types. The most ideal approach to realize an understudy is to isolate every understudy into a sort, which definitely leaves both the understudy and the instructor in a state of harmony with one another. The educator is the most huge job in the school, among the staff individuals and the

Critical Analysis of The Iceman Cometh Essay

It is an essential law of narrating that all together for a writer to catch and keep up the reader’s intrigue, the writer must make â€Å"realistic† characters, ones that are relatable, certifiable, and evidently amiable. In progress of Eugene O’Neill, he takes that standard of reasonable character advancement and continues to twist and turn it into a delightfully damaged worldview of crude mankind and cynicism. He figures characters that are absolute vagabonds to society, every one urgently holding tight to their miserable dreams, every one hauntingly recognizable to us. O’Neill, one of the more notable twentieth century American dramatists, acquires from the considering Nietzsche to strip away the lighten of human character, uncovering the fundamental, everlastingly serious inward operations of the human mind. In his plays, for example, The Ice Man Cometh, O’Neill reliably depicts a great skeptical topic that there is no God, one of the first in quite a while field to play with the thought. He lectures that there is no incredible award throughout everyday life, that considerably after years, maybe even a lifetime of affliction, there is no result †the main thing you get is the help that is demise. O’Neill’s The Ice Man Cometh, a play brought to Broadway which went on to praised achievement, is the account of, pretty much, plastered lazy pigs. The play’s focal point is a bar/lodging where a gathering of tanked vagabonds appear to live. The inn being named after the proprietor, Harry Hope, is bizarrely unexpected, seeing as how generally the entirety of the bar flies have next to zero expectation left in there lives, yet they all fantasy of their tomorrows †covering their tabs tomorrow, recovering their activity tomorrow, making a new beginning tomorrow. The plot spins around the many bar participants, however multi year old Larry Slade assumes the job of the severe target pundit, an individual who has quite expelled himself from the revolutionary gathering called â€Å"The Movement† and the duties of standard life. He and his sidekicks energetically anticipate the appearance of their sales rep companion Hickey, who descends two times per year to squander every single off hello cash on purchasing everybody drinks. Anyway before Hickey shows up, Don Parrit, the child of an ex-admirer of Larry’s, a lady who was additionally in the Movement, comes to Larry looking for help. Obviously the Movement has about fell because of somebody selling the gathering out, bringing about the capture of Parrit’s mother, Rosa. In a matter of seconds a short time later, Hickey shows up, which would for the most part put the men feeling great. Hickey has changed however, and as opposed to being his standard agreeable self, his is dismal and discouraged, outreachingly lecturing the others that they ought to revoke their â€Å"pipe dreams† as he has; that it is just when this is done can one really get through and through freedom, a precept that Larry has just placed into impact. That night, they observe Harry’s birthday, however everybody has gotten fractious and combative, what with Hickey’s surliness and reluctance to drink. The story arrives at its peak when Hickey declares the passing of his significant other, and all the character become enraged with Hickey for helping them to remember their pitiable handle on unrealistic fantasies, provoking them all to at long last get going towards transforming those unrealistic fantasies into real factors. Anyway their fantasies self-destruct the subsequent they start, and they all arrival to the bar at long last; anyway their smidgens of expectation have been run by their showdowns with the real world, and they all hate Hickey. Hickey at that point discloses to them that he really murdered his better half out of sheer contempt for consistent pardoning, and Parrit concedes that he sold out his mom and the development for comparable reasons. Defeat with blame, Parrit asks Larry to sentence his discipline, while Harry transforms himself into the police, trusting himself to be crazy. Larry at long last defies his own dread of death by requesting Parrit’s self destruction, at long last leaving Larry with his own craving for death. The characters in The Ice Man Cometh are basically tragic and completely woeful; the elements that exist between them appear to be so crude and crude that it verges on the unbelievable. In spite of the fact that containing a very much measured cast, the play essentially centers around the connections between Larry, Parrit and Hickey (Bogard 51). From the earliest starting point of the play, we are acquainted with Larry as a man expelled from society, one who cares not to make further bonds or associations with the world and its occupants. Larry discloses to us this himself when he says: †¦ So I said to the world, God favor all here, and may the best man win nd kick the bucket of intemperance! Also, I sat down in the show off of philosophical separation to nod off watching the barbarians do their passing move. (O’Neill: Plays within recent memory 12) Larry endeavors to fill the role of the coolly disengaged â€Å"Ubermensch† or â€Å"Overman† as proposed by Nietzsche. Nietzsche portrays the Ubermensch as, â€Å"the importance of the earth. Allow your will to say: the overman will be the significance of the earth! I importune you, my siblings, stay devoted to the earth, and don't accept the individuals who address you of extraordinary expectations! (â€Å"Towards the Ubermensch†). What Nietzsche essentially represents is a man who lives in all actuality, and doesn't anticipate much else from it; he doesn't anticipate an existence in the wake of death, nor any award for his life †he is a man living by his own ethics, not becoming tied up with â€Å"slave morality†, the fundamental arrangement of morals put forth for society (Wilcox 13). Anyway it ought to be noticed that Larry endeavors to assume this job; he effectively does as such, up until Don Parrit enters his life and pulls at the couple of h eartstrings Larry has left. Before, Larry was a dad figure to Parrit, and now Parrit has returned attempting to fill that fatherly void in his life. After emblematically executing his mom by selling her out to the cops, Parrit longs to discover some similarity to a dependable parent. In spite of the fact that Larry unmistakably proclaims his new point of view, he is in the long run persuaded by Hickey to slaughter that unrealistic fantasy of his, his own dread of death, and assumes liability for Parrit’s selling out by condemning him to his self destruction. In his line â€Å"Go! Get the hellfire out of life, God damn you, before I stifle it out of you! Go up-! † Larry is in principle drawn go into this present reality by recognizing that bond he imparts to Parrit (O’Neill : Plays within recent memory 138). Hickey, as Larry, is another case of the impact Nietzsche had on O’Neill. At the point when Hickey at long last returns, he lectures the remainder of the men to surrender their fantasies, and it is at exactly that point would one be able to be absolutely free. This abrupt journey to decimate the American dream is like Nietzsche’s dismissal of the Judeo-Christian confidence and it’s standards of recovery (Orr 91). By declining the thought of an eternity, one is genuinely free in that you understand your activities have no genuine outcome. John Orr ventures to depict Hickey as both a Christ and an Antichrist figure to the barflies. His proclaiming offers nobody salvation since they all end up back at the bar, intellectually more awful off than previously, emblematically dead, yet he himself is executed when he hands himself over to the police. Edmund Wilson stated, â€Å"†¦ [Eugene O’Neill], about consistently, with whatever roughness, is communicating some genuine experience, some effect legitimately from life. † (382). What's more, Wilson is correct; many, if not all of O’Neill’s plays fill in as an individual impression of his contemplations and encounters throughout everyday life. In cases like The Ice Man Cometh, Bogard recommends that the characters he expounds on impersonate the individuals he experienced while he went through his days in the cantinas of New Orleans. As one notification in the beginning time headings, the characters are portrayed as explicit â€Å"types† of individuals: Joe Mott being â€Å"mildly negroid in type; Piet Wetjoen â€Å"A Dutch rancher type†; and guaranteeing McGloin has â€Å"the control of police officer stepped all over him† (51). There is no uncertainty these characters depended on individuals or gatherings of specific individuals he has experienced in his life. The theme of liquor abuse is evident in The Ice Man Cometh, and obviously, O’Neill had direct involvement in liquor issues. It was his steady drinking that placated the stun of learning of his mother’s morphine habit, and what likewise got him tossed out of Princeton University. Indeed, even O’Neill’s agnostic dismissal of Christianity comes from his youth, when he demanded that he no longer go to Catholic school, yet rather go to a mainstream all inclusive school. Likewise, the self destruction endeavor of Jimmy Tomorrow and the effective self destruction of Don Parrit are intelligent of O’Neill’s own battle with self destruction in 1912, amusingly that year The Ice Man Cometh happens. With this information on O’Neill’s grieved and intellectually upset past, we can recognize the fundamental topics of The Ice Man Cometh. Anyway this in itself is no simple undertaking, the play is multi-layered, managing subjects that include dreams of death, and the presence of God; anyway they all originate from a point of convergence which is the inward unrest that exists inside man. In the start of the play, Larry portrays Hope’s Hotel to Parrit, which incidentally enough is an ideal similitude for the mens’ lives: What right? It’s the No Chance Saloon. The Bedrock Bar, The End of the Line Cafe, The Bottom of the Sea Rathskellar! Don’t you notice the wonderful quiet in the environment? That’s in light of the fact that it’s the last harbor. Nobody here needs to stress over where they’re going straightaway, on the grounds that there is no more distant they can go. It’s an incredible solace to them. Albeit even here they keep up the appearances of existence with a couple of innocuous unrealistic fantasies about their yesterdays and tomor

SYLVIA LAVIN too much information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SYLVIA LAVIN an excessive amount of data - Essay Example It makes circumstances whereby the vast majority of the specialists become awkward in light of the fact that keepers use non-workmanship materials to clarify craftsmanship. Truth be told, the greater part of the specialists consider such methodologies as anticritical and authoritarian. Lavin concurs that custodians are progressively supplanting specialists in craftsmanship displays as a result of the predominant utilization of non-workmanship material to clarify craftsmanship (Lavin 2). I concur with the issues Lavin brings up in the article since contemporary workmanship comes up short on a standard rule or belief system. An expanding number of craftsmanship coordinators are asserting responsibility for materials that they present in presentations. Contemporary specialists have permitted themselves to be utilized by coordinators of workmanship displays. Truth be told, the vast majority of the contemporary specialists have little enthusiasm for showing their work. Or maybe, they are keen on offering their plans to the most elevated bidder along these lines undermining their situation in the realm of expressions. Thus, contemporary craftsmen have changed over coordinators into specialists. Coordinators who control craftsmen and present crafted by these specialists as their own are at present ruling contemporary craftsmanship. It is no big surprise that coordinators are commanding contemporary craftsmanship

Argumentative News Articles Essay Topics

Argumentative News Articles Essay TopicsArgumentative news articles essay topics are going to be your greatest resource. You want to select news articles that are in line with the topic you are covering.And these news articles that you select will vary greatly as well, and you will be able to find hundreds of them online. Of course, you need to make sure that the stories that you choose to read are actual news stories.Now, if your subject matter is legal issues, you want to be sure that you read articles that address such issues. This is one of the most important parts of your curriculum vitae. If you select articles that are intended to get people talking about the case, they will be much more likely to have a favorable opinion of you.And you do not have to research to write an article that is for the amusement of readers. Yes, there are many internet sites that feature subjects that are not newsworthy at all. Those types of sites have writers who think that if they can write someth ing funny enough for their readers, it is a good article.And, as you can see, this is where you can find many websites that are interested in writing about topics that are not newsworthy. And, of course, the more outrageous the topics are, the better those articles will be. They will definitely get lots of readers.Argumentative articles may also feature entertainment. These too are often used to make people talk about the case that they are discussing. Remember, the more controversial a topic is, the more attention it will draw.This is why it is so important to focus on a specific area of law when you write your argumentative articles. You want to avoid having your content co-mingle with the main body of the material. Otherwise, readers will be confused about where they should go next.It is a very good idea, therefore, to learn how to write argumentative articles. Once you master this skill, it will come in handy when you are in your law school career. Don't worry; the job market is still very much open for attorneys.

Influence Share Price Underperformance Following Mergers - 2750 Words

Factors that Influence Share Price Underperformance Following Mergers and Acquisitions (Dissertation Review Sample) Content: Literature Review: Factors that Influence Share Price Underperformance Following Mergers and Acquisitions NameInstitution IntroductionMergers and acquisitions are common corporate practices in many economies around the world. They have a big impact on industry performance in terms of the way they accelerate or downplay competition as well as trigger market speculation. The biggest challenge for mergers and acquisitions, however, is realizing the objectives for which they were intended, that is, improving shareholder profitability and operating performance of both the acquiring and target firms. Understanding the post-merger and acquisition performance of businesses as well as the factors that influence performance patterns is of significant interest to company CEOs looking for potential merger opportunities, business consultants who advice firms involved in mergers and acquisitions, as well as regulatory authorities concerned with the short term and long term economic impacts of corporate mergers and acquisitions. For corporate firms, mergers and acquisitions present expansion and growth opportunities in terms of gaining access into new markets and acquiring additional assets. Companies entering into new territories look for partnerships with firms already established in the target market, thus making it easier to hit the ground running. This is a common occurrence for companies seeking to expand internationally. At a theoretical level, mergers and acquisitions lead to gains in economies of scale due to the combination of capital assets and market share. The motivation for investors and business managers is the expectation for enhanced market share through the gain in economies of scale and expansion of capital assets. However, this is not always the case as some mergers can lead to share underperformance in the long term. Evidence from past studies point to a situation where mergers result in disappointment. This may result from unrealistic exp ectations of the mergers or failing to achieve the expected economies of scale. The focus of this paper is to review the existing literature on the post-merger and acquisition performance of firms to account for the decline in share value in this period.Literature Review The existing literature on the performance impact of mergers and acquisitions is inconclusive due to the researchers use of different variables and focus on specific industry niches, thereby making it difficult to draw accurate general conclusions that can apply to all industries. At the same time, previous studies were carried out within unique economic conditions, thus questioning the applicability of the findings across different time-spans. This paper seeks to address this gap by reviewing literature from different time periods to assess their consistency in explaining post-merger and acquisition performance patterns of firms. Past studies employ multiple variables in measuring and accounting for the performance of firms after acquisition or merging with others. These measures include:Method of payment used to compensate the acquired firm, i.e. whether by cash or using stock,Book to market ratio of the acquired firm,Type of merger/acquisition, i.e. whether in a related or unrelated industry,Domestic versus international mergers/acquisitionsRelative size of acquiring and target firmsExisting economic conditions These factors, singularly or in combination, affect the performance of firms following mergers and acquisitions, and mangers should take them into consideration when making decisions about possible mergers and acquisitions.Gallet (1996) investigated the correlation between market power and mergers in the steel industry in the U.S. The study examined the annual market patterns within the industry in a 38-year period, from 1950 to 1988. The findings indicated that in the period between 1968 and 1978, the mergers did not lead to any significant changes in market power, either negatively or positively. In contrast, the mergers that took place between 1978 and 1983 had a boosting effect on the market power of the steel industry. The study also reports that there were no differences between the two merger periods in terms of payment methods or relative sizes of the firms involved. These findings indicate that the existing economic conditions during the merger period could have a negative or positive impact on post-merger performance. Consequently, share underperformance could be a result of business-unfriendly economic conditions such as inflation in the period following the merger. Other factors may include overvaluation of the target firms shares or failure to adjust into the dynamics of the new market, such as in cross-border acquisitions and mergers. Rau Vermaelen (1998) examined the tendency of mergers to underperform compared to tender offers. The researchers assessed performance in light of firm size and book-market value to explain the post-acquisition under performance of mergers and over performance of tender offers within the same industry. In addition, the researchers examined the effect of payment modes (cash versus stock offer) on the firms post-acquisition market power and performance. Using a sample of 348 tender offers and 3169 mergers, the study found out that acquirers in mergers underperformed by a 4% margin over a period of three years, while tender offers resulted in a 9% growth within the same period. These results were arrived at after adjustments for book-to-market ratio and firm size. The findings point to inaccuracies in the belief that post-acquisition performance is attributed to failure to adjust for book-to-market ratio. Instead, the researchers concluded that underperformance resulted from the extrapolation of the current performance of the acquirer and target firms to post-acquisition performance, as well as extrapolating the acquiring companys past performance with low book-to-market ration. Extrapolation in th e first context refers to assuming that the acquiring firms market performance will have a positive impact on the share performance of the target firm in the case of mergers and acquisitions involving different businesses from different industries. In the second context, the bidding company overextends its book-value (the estimated share value) to actual market value with respect to operation performance, profitability and competitive edge over market competitors. Under these circumstances, underperformance can result from changing economic conditions which results to high book-to-market ratio, or a burst of the economic bubble caused by market speculation during and immediately after the merger or acquisition. At the same time, the glamour acquirer firms can overestimate their ability to adjust to new markets or manage the resulting merger.Tse and Soufani (2001) used a sample of 124 mergers between 1990 and 1996 to examine the impact of existing economic conditions on the share val ue of both acquirer and target firms. The study divided the sample into two categories characterized by the level of industry performance during the specific time period. One category was identified as the Low Merger Activity Era (LMAE) covering the period between 1990 and 1993, and the High Merger Activity Era (HMAE) covering the period between 1994 and 1996. The HMAE sample of mergers took place in a booming period, explaining the positive share performance following the mergers. The LMAE category mergers were transacted in a period of low economic industry performance, leading to post-acquisition and merger underperformance. These results support the findings of Gallet (1996) who attributed the direction of post-merger and acquisition performance to prevailing conditions in the economy. Unfavorable economic conditions lead to negative post-acquisition performance whereas favorable market conditions lead to positive post-acquisition performance. Choi and Russel (2004) studied the factors that influence post-merger performance in the U.S. real estate, and whether mergers have a positive impact to a firms market performance. They considered payment method, the size of the transaction and timing of the acquisition. The study used a sample of mergers from 1980 to 2002, and the findings indicated that the mergers did not have a significant positive impact on the firms post-merger performance. Method of payment or merger timing were also found to have little impact, whereas related diversification (merging with or acquiring similar businesses) had a significant positive effect compared to unrelated diversification (venturing into new lines of business). The positive impact of related diversification suggests that acquirers are able to extend their performance to the target firm by using the strength of their brand and market share. On the other hand, unrelated diversification leads to post-merger/acquisition underperformance due to venturing into new markets where the acquirer firm may not have the needed market networks and market share to compete with rivals. This is the case when the acquiring firm comes in with its own management personnel, who will take time to learn about and understand the market. This pattern is related to poor post-merger/acquisition adjustment whereby the acquirer firm fails to adjust its market approach and management style to market practices in the target firms industry. Andre et al (2004) examined the factors that promote value creation or value destruction in the Canadian market following mergers and acquisitions. Using a sample of 267 merger events from 1980 to 2000, the study sought to find out the performance impact of payment method, domestic versus cross-border transactions, and book-to-market ratio on a firms post-merger share performance. The research findings indicated that acquirers tended to underperfor...