Feminism Portrayed In Movies

libber move handst Portrayed In MoviesFilms have long been physical exertiond as a tool to portray human imaginations and ideas that are sometimes deemed impossible in reality. The characters in films have had a huge impact, with regard to gender stomp, on audiences of all ages (Neuendorf et. al., 2010). though in that respect have been debates of how distaff characters are being visualized in films, from being submissive to hyper-sexualised and lately, adopting much dominant situations in films, has there really been a change in antheral characters in films instead (Gilpatric, 2010)? Have staminate characters in films adopt egg-producing(prenominal) traits exchangeable how the fe staminate characters have adopted manly traits? This paper looks into how the portrayals of mannish characters in films have changed or are changing and how they affect gender construction.The feminist move manpowert has constantly fought for wo manpowers right and get evenity so as to n ates wo manpower on equal jibing to custody in the orderliness. This revolution has since been translated onto the liquid screens as films depict wo hands contend prominent and dominant roles in films (Gilpatric, 2010 Neundorf et. al., 2010) which is a stark contrast to the past when wo hands played a submissive and implemental roles to the masculine character. Further much, films mirror the changing genius of our society, expecting men to behave in accordance to societal expectations deconstructing the male assort. Thus, the increasing line in films transmutation away from characterization men as having the traditional man homogeneous trait, reconstructing it to more what termed straightaway as the newfangled Age Men (NAM) has been a response of the increasing prominence and potential of females in films and the evolving temperament of the society.The NAM is thus seen as a fusion of having both the traditional traits of males and females, embracing both manly an d feminine traits. Here, maleness is defined as having the size, physical strength, rejection to authority and the use of physical force (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001). Along with those masculine traits, the NAM are withal expect to have traits like caring and being able to handle housework. The consume of the NAM has been heavily attri preciselyed to the rise of females in films and the changing nature of the society. Men today feel there is a need to narrow themselves from females in films to put up their dominance in the industry and to reintegrate into the society, deconstructing the male boss.Female Characters in Films Today.Male characters in films are moving away from having masculine traits due to the rise of female prominence and dominance in the roles they play by adopting those masculine traits. Female characters like Lara Croft and tear Bill highlights the point that traits like submissive and implemental are no longer being associated with female character. The cas ting of the stupefy girl character is as equally important, receiving merely as much attention as the casting of James vex himself, and though a cleave film may lack the innovational gadget, never has there been a Bond film without a Bond girl (Neuendorf et. al., 2010). This accentuates that the womens roles are equally important to the Bond character. Men, who relate closely to Bond who usually portray masculine traits, view this as a challenge to their masculinity as the Bond character is dependent on the female character. The lack of innovative gadgets also portrays a crisis in masculinity since men regard these technologies as macho (Neuendorf et. al., 2010). This is further amplified with female characters playing main characters in films being created with complex and enthralling personalities relative to male characters who are rather one-dimensional and are of minor interest (Russell-Watts, 2010).Women are also selected to play roles previously played and deemed suita ble for men. Though Lara Croft and Kill Bill props to mind, the settlement by William Shakespeare is a nonher example. Despite small town being a male character, women have been manifesting their interest to play the role and there has been an increasing trend of women acquire selected to personify critical point (Howard, 2007). Moreover, the Hamlet is known to be involved in violence as visualised by the character Alexandra Tranda, who parallels the happenings of Hamlet to the events occuring in her life and ends up violent death her father (Howard, 2007). Violence is defined as any intentional im speckle of physical pain or harm (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001) and has a positive coefficient of correlation to masculinity (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001 Neuendorf et. al., 2010 Gilpatric, 2010) thus proving an subjoin in violence equates to in an increase in masculinity. Men feel the idea of a women hamlet as unhealthy and feel ashamed for a woman to target the Hamlet role (Howard, 2007). This is an indication to men that women are challenging their masculinity and dominance in the film industry especially in roles crafted for men.The rise of females in films adopting a more masculine nature and playing characters deemed more suited for men resulted men to feel challenged in their masculinity and has since led to a crisis in it. Men feel there is a need to differentiate themselves from the female characters and assert their masculinity and dominance within the society, re-constructing the gender stereotype to create the NAM.The Dynamic Nature of the Society.Films impact audiences (Gilpatric, 2010) and may portray a reflection of the society. The dynamic nature of the society represent through films has been a contributing factor to the deconstruction of the male gender stereotype to mastermind the NAM. Relative to the past, women today are generally more educated, enabling them to take up jobs also held by men (Buchbinder, 2008). Accelerated by the feminis t movement, women today are equally as likely as men to be casted to play professional roles and jobs like doctors and lawyers (Gilpatric, 2010). There is an increase of female characters holding major roles from 12% in 1960 to 32% in 1990 (Neuendorf et. al., 2010) and female characters in films behind be a true representation of their position in the society as 51% US workers who hold high-paying steering and professional jobs are women (Gilpatric, 2010). Similarly, most young man today expects to go through at least three major career changes in his life (Buchbinder, 2008). Also, improvements in the economy have enabled both women and men to cut push down on luxury items. Narcissistic concern with ones look and body, traditionally attach as feminine are being linked to men, making it harder to abide by with the traditional masculinity trait of a man (Buchbinder, 2008).There has also been a shift in the portrayal of men in films today. In the past, men have always adopted the central figure but roles recently played by men and women in films have been woolly as the gap between masculinity and feminity. According to Breillat, There is no masculine psychology in my cinema. They contain only what women feel and desire. Therefore, men must not try to recognise themselves in my male characters (Russell-Watts, 2010, p. 72). This envisions that men play secondary roles to women in todays films restricting them to relate to the traditional male masculinity. Moreover, men are also increasingly portrayed in films as the figure of the shlemiel. Schlemiel is a Yiddish word which means a whacky persona social misfit (Buchbinder, 2008, p. 228) and is unable to meet the performance and attitudinal requirements of traditional masculinity (Buchbinder, 2008, p. 230). For instance, Bond girls have been known to play independent and reasoned roles even outwitting Bond himself in the latest Bond movie. Despite Bond films representing Bond as having a chauvinistic person a (Neuendorf et. al., 2010), this places Bond in the Schlemiel category of a foolish character causing men to view this as a crisis to their masculinity.These factors when combined has resulted men to lose its masculine traits and restricted them to conform to the traditional masculine traits deconstructing the traditional male stereotype and reconstruct the NAM to help them assimilate back into society and be of an equal standing or higher to the women.Stereotypes Still Prevails.Some might postulate that despite the rising prominence and dominance of women, the subservient and submissive nature of womens portrayal heretofore prevail while mens masculinity are assuage confined to the traditional stereotype. Women in films are stillness regarded as subservient and submissive as the dominance exerted is based on a agnatic motif, creating a stereotype of mothers or wives to save her child or love ones (Gilpatric, 2010). Moreover, the societal movement of feminism is lacking, as wo men in films today still report to a more dominant male character (Neuendorf et. al., 2010), performing as a sidekick to a male character and getting involved in a romantic relationship with them (Gilpatric, 2010). Male characters though may have less masculine traits as portrayed by Robert in the movie Romance, his masculinity is emphasised through his occupation, being the headman of the main female character (Russell-Watts, 2010). This proves that despite being portrayed as dominant character in films today, women still conform to the gender stereotype of the traditional feminine traits of reporting to a more dominant male character. Some may argue also that films may not be a true reflection of society hence the portrayal of men as less masculine are not true. Films portray women as succeederful only when they are thin and attractive (Neuendorf et. al., 2010) when in fact, success is judged based on merit and not only looks. Building on, by showcasing one man as less masculine in the form of the schlemiel figure, subtly it provides a foil for other male characters to stand out, bringing out the masculine traits in the other male characters, (Buchbinder, 2008) indicating that male characters in movies still conform to the male gender stereotype of masculinity.New Age Man is the New Man.Despite the portrayal of women as subservient and submissive, women are still just as likely as men to commit violent acts in films. Presently, women are more likely to show acts of aggression (Neundorf et. al., 2010) and masculinity levels in male and females have change magnitude (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001). Though many may argue that the feminist movement may not have reached its promised desire, it cannot be regarded as a failure. Womens role in movies has since increased transcending the traditional feminine traits (Gilpatric, 2010). No longer women are being portrayed as one-dimensional who plays stereotypical female characters. Moreover, men today are unlikely to co nform to the traditional form of masculinity although they may still hold superiority over the female characters as masculinity portrayed by men in films today is excessive in nature and something that men cannot relate to. The rugged masculinity shown through characters played by Mel Gibson, Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger is being described as a fantasy (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001). Men feels there is a need to form a new identity something that they can relate to and has slowly since give rise to the birth of the NAM. Though portraying men as less masculine or as the schlemiel figure helps to bring out the masculinity in other male characters (Buchbinder, 2008), this very need has proved that there is a decreasing trend in films, which showcase men as masculine.Conclusion.Films have evolved tremendously down the years and will continue to do so at such(prenominal) rapid rate. As womens roles in films continue to rise and take marrow squash stage, male characters in f ilms have since taken steps in the frigid direction, adopting lesser of the traditional masculine traits but instead adopt more feminine traits. This has not being helped by the changing nature of the society where women continue to rise in status at workplaces challenging men for jobs. The birth of the NAM has been heavily attributed to the rising dominance and prominence of female characters in films and also the changing nature of the society. As the world become more globalized, womens status in society is also expected to improve and NAM may well form a new stereotype for men in times to come.(1996 Words)

Overview Of Solar Cars Engineering Essay

Overview Of solar Cars Engineering EssayRenew fitting brawniness is rattling in the world today as in the near prospective non-renewable sources of energy will become s move machinece. The solar cater car is a step in saving these non-renewable sources of energy. The basic principle of the solar car is to use energy that is lineaged in a bombardment during and after charging it from a solar panel. The charged batteries ar used to drive the motor which serves as an engine and moves the vehicle in a reverse or forth direction.Overview of Solar CarsAdvantagesNo longer pauperizati peerlessd to purchase suck or any other type of fuelSolar cars have no regular expense besides maintenance and repairsDoesnt produce any glasshouse gas emissions so it is environmentally friendlyThe use of solar cars as a combustion engine replacement will signifi stacktly centre greenhouse emissions and improve air quality more or slight the worldSolar cars produce no noiseDisadvantagesSolar car s dont have the identical f number or power as a regular car that runs on gasWhile sunlight is turn, the creation of PV carrels to capture that sunlight is expensive. be for solar panels ar steadily declining (22% cost reduction per doubling of performance volume).The weather stick out directly affect the performance of the car, especially if it is phantom outsidePossible system layoutsFig.ure 1 Basic block draw representation of a solar vehicle extension Wamborikar, 2010. Solar cars argon supply by the suns energy. The main component of a solar powered car is its solar raiment or panel, which collects the energy from the sun and converts it into running(a) galvanizingal energy. The solar stalls collect a portion of the suns energy and store it into the batteries of the solar car. Before that happens, a peak power tracker (maximum power topographic point tracker) converts the energy collected from the solar array to the proper system potentiality, so that the batter ies and the motor can use it. Once the energy is stored in the batteries, it is in stock(predicate) to be used by the DC motor and motor ascendancy to drive the car. The motor controller adjusts the measuring rod of energy that flows to the motor to represent to the throttle. The motor uses that energy to drive the wheels.The primary energy source for a solar powered car is the battery. The battery has a number of idiosyncratic batteries connected privileged which ar in series or parallel. individually battery is typically 6V or 12V, and multiple batteries are connected in series or parallel to acquire the optimum system potential difference. A one battery is made from multiple cells contained within the battery housing. The general battery potential drop is chosen depending on the motors EMF constant and the coveted nominal driving whet.In assure to get the most efficient operation of the drive system, the battery potency is chosen so that the motor controller can operate with minimal pulse width inflection at the maximum speed of the car. Nevertheless, the battery potential difference, especially for lead-acid batteries, fluctuates considerably around the nominal battery voltage, from full charge to maximum discharge. This is why, the nominal battery voltage is chosen so that the lowest possible battery voltage is able to sustain a reasonable speed. An alternative solution to this difficulty is to put in a boost or buck convertor in the motor controller so that a desirable speed can be obtained for any battery voltage.Fundamentals and Application of Photovoltaics in Solar VehiclesThe bond model uses the covalent bonds joining the silicon atoms to tie semiconductor behaviour. In the figure below, it illustrates the bonding and the movement of electrons in a silicon crystal lattice.Figure 2 Representation of covalent bonds in a silicon crystal lattice fount Wenham, 2007At low temperatures, the bonds are intact and the silicon behaves as a n insulator. At high temperatures, some bonds are bewildered and conduction can total by two processes electrons from broken bonds are free to move and electrons from neighbouring bonds can also move into the trap created in the broken bond, allowing the broken bond or jamming to parcel out as if it had a positive charge.It is also possible to shift the balance wheel of electrons and holes in a semi conductor (silicon crystal lattice by doping it with other atoms. Atoms with one more valence electron than the semiconductor are used to produce n-type square. Meanwhile, atoms with one less valence electron results in p-type material (Wenham, 2007). This can be seen in figure 3.Figure 3 ancestry Wenham, 2007Figure 4 Diagram of a P-N JunctionSource Nave, 2005. A p-njunction is formed by joiningn-type andp-type semiconductor materials. Since then-type component part has a high electron concentration and thep-type a high hole concentration, electrons diffuse from then-type side to thep-type side. Similarly, holes flow by public exposure from thep-type side to then(prenominal)-type side. If the electrons and holes werent charged, this diffusion process would continue until the concentration of electrons and holes on the two sides were the same. However, in ap-njunction, when the electrons and holes move to the other side of the junction, they leave behind exposed charges ondopantatom sites, which are fixed in the crystal lattice and are unable to move. An electric field forms between the positive ion cores in then-type material and negative ion cores in thep-type material. This region is called the depletion region since the electric field pushes the free carriers out, hence the region is depleted of free carriers. A built in potential (Vbi)is formed due to the electrified created at the junction.Figure 5Source Wenham, 2007When sunlight falls onto the semiconductor material, photons with energy (Eph) lower than the circumstances breakage energy (Eg) inter act insubstantially with the semiconductor, passing through it as if it were transparent. But, photons with energy greater than the band gap energy (Eph Eg) interact with electrons in covalent bonds, using up their energy to break bonds and to create electron-hole pairs which can then move about unaffiliatedly. Also, higher energy photons (red light) are absorbed at hand(predicate) to the surface of the semiconductor than lower energy photons (blue light).The open circuit voltage (VOC) of a solar cell is the voltage measured when there is no on handout passing through the cell. The top side of the solar cell is of negative voltage and the bottom is positive. The open circuit voltage is independent of the size of the solar cell, and is determined by the materials the cell is made of ( think of to adjunct 2). The short circuit electric current (ISC) of a solar cell corresponds to the current measured when the solar cell is short circuited (Fig. 2.11), the voltage equals 0. The e lectric current ows from the bottom (+) of the cell to the top of the cell (-) when the solar cell is below illumination (refer to addendum 2). In advanced solar cars, they include a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) which maximises the amount of current going into the battery from the solar array by lowering the panels getup voltage which increases the charging amps to the battery. The maximum power output of a solar cell is at the maximum power point (MPP), where the product of voltage and current is a maximum (refer to Appendix 2).When solar cells are connected in parallel, the output current is the sum of the currents from the individual cells, and output voltage remains the same to that of a single cell (proven by data, refer to Appendix 1). When solar cells are connected in series, the output voltage is the sum of the voltage from each cell, where the output current stays the same (proven by data, refer to Appendix 1). Therefore, the optimum alignment for solar cells on a solar car would be in series. This is because the MPPT call for more voltage as it extracts the solar cells output voltage in order to maximize the amount of current going into the battery.Source Blimpy, 2010.How a solar cell whole shebangFigure 6 A diagram of a solar cell.Source Lollini, 2010. The photovoltaic effect used in solar cells allows direct transition of light energy from the sun into electricity, by the generation and transport inside a semiconductor material, of positive and negative electric charges, through the action mechanism of light. This material romps two regions, one exhibiting an excess of electrons, the other an electron deficit, resistively referred to as n-type doped and p-type doped. When the two are brought into get hold of with the silicon, excess electrons from the n-material diffuse into the p-material. The initially n-doped region becomes positively charged and the initially p-doped region is negatively charged. An electric field is thus made b etween them, tending to force electrons foulwards into the n-region and holes back into the p-region. Then a p-n junction is setup and by placing auriferous contacts on the n and p regions, a diode is acquired. When the p-n junction makes contact with light, the photons having energy equal to or higher than the width of the forbidden band or band gap yield their energy to the atoms, where each photon causes an electron to move from the valence band to the conduction band, leaving behind a hole, also able to move around the material thus, giving stand to an electron-hole pair. If a load is to be positioned at the cells terminals, electrons from the n-region will migrate back to the holes in the p-region, by goernment agency of the outside connection, giving rise to a potential difference- an electric current passes.Importance of Correct System approach pattern and Sizing / Non-shadingThe main point that should be kept in understanding while making a solar vehicle is the mounti ng of the solar panel. The panel should be mounted in a great deal(prenominal) a way that it receives maximum sun rays so that it gives maximum efficiency. Since the sun is at a different slant to the ground all the, so the solar panels need to be directed according to this positioning.The ideal situation is when the suns rays are colliding with the panels at a perpendicular angle of 90(proven by data, refer to Appendix 4). Thismaximizesthe amount of energy hitting the panels and being produced. The two factors that affect the angle as such are controlled by the orientations (north, south, east, and west) and the angle of the panels from the ground.The main feature of any solar is its array of solar cells. An ideal solar cell would be made of expensive gallium arsenide which are nearly 30% efficient. However a cheaper alternative can be used such as ultra pure monocrystalline silicon which can reach efficiencies of over 20%. Selecting the solar cell with higher efficiency means th e less surface area needed so the solar vehicle is able to carry less weight and travel at a faster speed. Therefore, itd be recommended to use a small solar panel with a high efficiency rate so then sizing is non important.For maximum power efficiency in a solar powered car, the solar panels should be in full contact with the suns rays. If a single cell is somewhat shaded by in time a small object, it can create a power drop as much as 50%. This is because the cells in a panel are connected in a series string, so if one cell is shaded, then the rest period dont work properly (proven by data, refer to Appendix 5). To reduce the effectuate of shading, the strings are usually kept short and paralleled as much as possible. Having lots of parallel strings is good, because whatever currents are generated can be added together, while the voltage of each string remains relatively similar with or without light. Voltages of parallel strings are taken as the average voltage of each stri ng. An example of how a module business leader be wired is shown below.Source Sanghster, 2006.Safety IssuesSince the solar powered car is run by a DC motor, there are rubber eraser issues with direct current. If a person is electrocuted, electric currents can produce sinful burns in the body, particularly at the points of contact to the circuit, as the galvanizing power dissipates across the bodys resistance. Electric shock can only occur when contact is made between two points of a circuit, and when a voltage is applied across a victims body. Since direct current moves in one direction through a conductor, it has the tendency to incite muscular tetanus, even at low voltages. Victims are often unable to let go of a DC conductor because of the continuous motion and stable voltage. Also, DC electricity tends to make the heart stand still.ConclusionIt is essential that the devise of solar cars are efficient, safe and takes into account the specific requirements and limitations. Fo r example, in order for the solar car to run on solar power it needs a lot of power and an optimum angle needs to be decided to maximise this power output. It is best to use a MPPT to maximize the current going into the battery and to choose an efficient solar array or panel. This being said, the solar car can have a significant impact on the reduction of unhealthy greenhouse gas emissions and help prevent global warming. We need to make use of solar powered cars so that we can reduce our dependence on fogey fuels.

Doctrine of Judicial Precedent

Doctrine of Judicial actorThe outcome the Doctrine of Judicial Precedent Allows for Judicial practice of law Making,In a legal parlance, legal common rectitude is referred to as the tradition of judges who atomic number 18 adjoin to follow the closes laid down in old parts which video display similarity of facts. Arguably, stargon decisis forms the basic tenet of judicial condition. Ideally, the principle would average that in practice the finales rendered by the superior courts are sibyllic to hold up the lower courts in subsequent cases. As a result, legal scholars exhaust argued that this legal tradition ensures that the law promotes fairness and consistency. A good practice of judicial precedent is elaborated in Donoghue v Stevenson1 where the mark of Lords cogitate that consumers were owed a duty of care by manufacturers. Subsequently, the decision laid down, bound the court in apply v Australian Knitting Mills2. For the record, as a source of law, judicial precedent offers judges a author headspring in future cases.On the first premise, it is important to blood that a binding precedent would occur only where the factual features of the forward case resemble the current one. This decision is whats known as the ration out Decidendi, and should not be confused with the Obiter Dicta, which is persuasive in nature only. Arguably, it is from this point of view that legal scholars have concluded that the ism is complex in practice and open to misinterpretation. In the UK court hierarchy, courts at the bottom are bound by judgments entered by the higher courts. At the summit, lies the European royal court of Justice (one should take notice that the UK has voted to leave the EU), second in favourable position is the House of Lords whose decision mandatorily bounds every court at a lower place it. A second tier appeal enables the HOL to redirect law when interpreted a wrong turning. This is found in The Court of Appeal which possesses devil divisions. Arguably, the rulings of the European Court of Justice and the House of Lords bind these 2 divisions. Also, the two divisions, are bound by their own decisions3, although there is flexibility with wish to how the criminal division handles cases involving persons liberty4. The High Court together with the Divisional Courts is supposed to follow the decisions rendered by the House of Lords. However, it is worth noting that the lower courts cannot overturn these rulings, often diminishing the role of judges when in disagreement5.Appreciative of the facts discussed above, between the socio-economic class 1898 and 1966, it was an already established tradition that the House of Lords should mandatorily follow their old decisions. As a result, this made the law to be very reconciled in their applications due to judgments rendered in capital of the United Kingdom Street Tramways v capital of the United Kingdom County Council6. Ideally, it was from this observation th at Lord Gardiner LC in 1966 delivered a Practice bid7, noting that the rigid regard to precedent may lead to injustice in a limited case and also unduly restrict the proper development of the law.8 Arguably, this belief by Lord Chancellor illustrates the doctrines limitations and lack of flexibility. A recent practice of this can be found in R v R9 whos decision only reiterated what we already know.However, be that as it may, the doctrine allows a minor(ip) opportunity for judicial lawmaking through the prism of distinguishing, overruling and reversing. The two techniques appeared to be endorsed by the statements of the Lord Chancellor where he opined that the House of Lords would be permitted to activate from a previous decision when it appears right to do so.10 This would mean that departing from previous decisions would lessen the inflexibleness of the principle and expand the scope of judicial precedent as a lawmaking tool.Distinguishing is used in situations where the j udge draws a distinction between the current case and a previous case which ordinarily he or she would be bound by, they would then prompt by showing that the facts differ and not suffice to bind them. As a result, the judge departs from being bound by the previous decision thus allowing a new law to be created. The differences in Balfour V Balfour11 and Merritt v Merritt12 were so pronounced. Although the two cases pertained a wife and a husband, in Balfour v Balfour it had the characteristic of a domestic arrangement implying that legal design did not exist. However, in Merrit v Merrit it was clear that the so-called agreement was created subsequently the two had separated, which meant that the agreement was binding legally. Keenly looking through this window, the doctrine allows minimally for judicial lawmaking. Another scenario is overruling, where the judge rules that the judgment rendered in a past case is erroneous. Through the Practice Statement, the House of Lords has th e leeway to tump over their decisions. For example, in Davis v Johnson13 and also in bombard v Hart14, the House of Lords opined that parliamentary Hansard could be consulted to decipher the meaning of particular words in a legislation however this is only when so called legislation is pierce with ambiguity or absurdity15. Finally, reversing is where the decisions by the lower courts are overturned by a higher court. For example, the High Court rulings or judgments can be overturned by the Court of Appeal.In conclusion, the doctrine of judicial precedent has been mostly referred to as a fetter16 in the English legal system. As demonstrated, it is this rigidity which has limited its scope to acting as a judicial lawmaking tool. Certainty in law is very critical. However, that being said, rigidity in judicial precedent negatively affects the development of the law. Looking at this perspective, one would agree with Lord Halsbury wisdom that there is more to the law than a mere proce ss of logical deduction.17Table of AuthoritiesBalfour v Balfour 1919 2 KB 571 (CA)Davis v Johnson 1978 AC 264 (HL)Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 562 (HL)Grant v Australian Knitting Mills 1936 AC 85 (PC)London Street Tramways v London County Council 1898 AC 375 (HL)Merrit v Merrit 1970 1 WLR 1211 (CA)Pepper v Hart 1992 AC 593 (HL)R v R 1992 1 A.C. 599 (HL)Young v Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd 1944 KB 718 (CA)BooksBarker D and Padfield C, Law (1st edn, Made Simple 2002)Denning A, The Discipline Of Law (1st edn, Butterworths 1979)Walsh-Atkins P, AS UK presidency Politics (1st edn, Philip Allan Updates 2010)Wilson S and Storey T, English Legal arrangement (2nd edn, Oxford University shrink 2016)JournalsMcCormick D, Can stare decisis be abolished? (1966) 11 Juridical retread 196Pickett C, Precedent in the Court of Appeal (1980) 43 Modern Law Review 1361 1932 AC 562 (HL).2 1936 AC 85 (PC).3 As seen in Young v Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd 1944 KB 718 (CA) 719 (Lord Greene MR).4 Wilson SR and ot hers, English Legal System (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2016) 1485 Patrick Walsh-Atkins, AS UK Government Politics (1st edn, Philip Allan Updates 2010).61898 AC 375 (HL).7 Practice Statement (Judicial Precedent) 1966 1 WLR 12348 Alfred Thompson Denning, The Discipline of Law (1st edn, Butterworths 1979).9 1991 1 AC 599 (HL).10 Neil MacCormick, Can stare decisis be abolished? (1966) 11 Juridical Review 196.11 1919 2 KB 571 (CA).12 1970 1 WLR 1211 (CA).13 1978 AC 264 (HL).14 1992 AC 593 (HL).15 ibid 617 (Lord Griffiths), 621 (Lord Brown Wilkinson).16 D. L. A Barker and Colin F Padfield, Law (1st edn, Made Simple 2002).17 McCormick (n 9).

Ashok Mehta Committee

Ashok Mehta CommitteeThe Committee commands that comm social unity learning would solely be deep and enduring once the biotic community was bear on at bottom the coming up with, decision-making and implementation method (GOI Report, 1957) .The suggestions were for as follows AN azoic institution of elective native bodies and devolution to them of necessary resources, power and authority,The requisite unit of democratic decentralization was at the block / samiti train since the area of jurisdiction of the native body ought to neither be overlarge nor likewise tiny.Such body should not be strained by an spendthrift amount of management by the govt or government agencies,The body should be planted for 5 years term by indirect choices from the liquidation panchayats,Its functions ought to cowl the event of agriculture altogether its aspects, the forwarding of native industries et al. resolve like beverage, road building, etc., ought to be provided by Dr. andThe upper level body, Zilla Parishad, would antic AN consultatory constituent.The committee counseled the institution of three-tier panchayat bodies The structure envisaged enclosed straightway elective panchayat for a village or a cackle of villages, AN government body referred to as panchayet Samiti for a block with directly elective ANd co-opted members and an consultatory body, Zilla Parishad, with AN ex-officio member from the lower tier and in that locationfore the district Collector because the chairman. it had been left to the states to just accept and affect the recommendations of the committee as per the stress of the case. Consequently, solely a couple of states established PRIs.Ashok Mehta CommitteeIn Dec 1977, with the modification of presidency at the central level, the Janata party regimen appointed a committee on Panchayati rule establishments under the office of Ashok Mehta. the intense review was taken of the weaknesses at heart the go of Panchayati rule. the main purport was on the removal of hoidenish stinting condition and state. The government annunciation during this respect reads the government accords the actually best priority to cracker-barrel study therefore on increase agriculture production, produce employment , prohibit economic condition and produce regarding all(a) spherical improvement in spite of appearance the rural economy.The Committee, when having a close study of the succeeding phases of panchayati rule, finished that the low-down root establishments area unit grasses while not roots and a caricature of government and created the subsequent recommendationsThe district could be a possible social unit that coming up with, co-ordination and resource allocations area unit possible and technical experience offered,PRIs as a two-tier system, with Mandal panchayet at the bottom and Zilla Parishad at the highest,The PRIs area unit capable of designing for themselves with the resources offered to them, order coming up w ith ought to pay attention of the urban-rural time,Representation of SCs and STs within the election to PRIs on the premise of their nation,Four-year term of PRIs,Participation of semipolitical parties in elections, both monetary devolution ought to be committed to acceptive that abundant of the biological process functions at the district level would be contend by the panchayats.The states of province, Andhra Pradesh and province passed new legislation supported this report. However, the flux in governing at the state level failed to enable these establishments to develop their own political dynamics.G.V.K. Rao (1985)In 1985, the G.V.K. Rao Committee was appointed to all over a imbibe demand alter aspects of PRIs. The Committee was of the opinion that a complete read of rural evolution should be taken during which PRIs should play a central role in passelling peoples issues. It created the subsequent recommendations (World Bank, 2000)PRIs ought to be activated and given all the specified support to become effective organizations,PRIs at district level and under ought to be allotted the work of designing, implementation and observation of rural development programmes, andThe block development workplace ought to be the neural structure of the hoidenish development method.L. M. Singhvi Committee (1986)L. M. Singhvi Committee was shaped in 1987 for reviewing the functioning of Panchayati rule establishments. It counseled the reorganization of villages for making viable yard Panchayats. The committee potently counseled that bigger monetary resources be created offered to those establishments. It opined that the Gram Sabha ought to be thought of because the stalk of a suburbanised democracy. most significantly, it counseled that native autonomy ought to be constitutionally recognized, protected and preserved by the inclusion of a replacement chapter within the Constitution.After the Balwantray Mehta study team reported , legislation was enacted in many an(prenominal) nations except among the state of Meghalaya and Nagaland and UTs of Lakshadweep and Mizoram. Keep with the committee originated by the planning billing that reported in 1985, a three-tier system exists in four states and a couple of of union territories. system along differs from state to state. In toll of structures, electoral procedures, powers and functions, theres a considerable selection among the council establishments adopted by the states. on that point are, today, quite 217300 village panchayati among the country concealment over ninety six-spot of concerning five.79 lakhs thickly settled villages and ninety two exploit the agricultural population of our country. theres a unit a concerning 4526 panchayet samithis of various terminologies at the block, Taluka or Tehsil level. There area unit a unit a concerning 330 ZilaParishads covering concerning seven-spotty six of the district among the country every ZilaParishad has on a mean thirteen to fourteen panchayati aim this and concerning 660 Gram Panchayati.Though there area unit unit aviations from state to state, it need to be principally declared that the functions entrusted to panchayati embody village roads, community wells, and maintenance of creation parks, tanks, irrigation works, public hygiene, drainage, and wide-ranging civil services. In few states, area along answerable for primary education and square measure entrusted with functions regarding rural industries, primary wellness care, medical relief, women and kid welfare, maintenance of common grazing grounds and varied community funds and properties and provision of inputs of agricultural production. The extent and tempo of the pursuit of panchayati establishments in basis developing with and implementation of development comes is besides pass on to wide variations from state to state and even inside the states. Most panchayati establishments seem to suffer from grave insufficiency of resources that sometimes d evolve upon them from assignments among the land taxation and water rate and varied grants by the state governments in some cases revenue comes from duty and assignment of forest revenue. style of the panchayati establishments along derives gain from taxes on building and non-agricultural lands or from surcharge on tax on transfer of stabile property. Variable in terms of yield, however not unimportant among the lives of Indians in rural areas, there area unit a unit a native taxes, fees, cases, tolls, license fees and varied similar levies, on trades, industries, facility, sanitation, lighting, markets, bazars, and hats, rest homes, bus stands, cart stands, vehicle parking animals, bovine ponds, look for ponds, slaughter homes, ferries, tie, bovine grazing lands and business crops. The list of subjects on that levies would possibly even be created might not seem to suffer from brevity however the aggregation of yields and collections do suffer from chronic insufficiency notabl y among the context of the responsibilities that unit of activity or ought to be entrusted to Panchayati dominion establishments and their very important relating the received of life in our rural areas.291.1.7. A Minisrty for panchayet RajThe union ministry of panchayet rule (MoPR) was established on twenty seven might 2004 to specially take care of the implementation of the availability of 73rd inbuilt change Act 1992 and speed up the method of devolution to PRIs. The ministry has disbursed varied capability building programs, conducted analysis and evaluations and instituted rewards schemes to market devlotuion. The MoRP conducts 2 annual fencesitter assessment of the progress of regime on this roadmap the state of the panchayet reports and therefore the calculation of devolution index for the panchayet direction and responsibleness strategy. This solution has been introduced in 2005-06 to encourage state governments to induce bigger devolution of powers to panchayats.1.1.8. Functions of Grampanchayatbelow the article 243-G of the Constitution of Republic of India, the powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats area unit explained. paper to the pabulum of the Constitution, the assembly of a State might, by law, endow the Panchayats with much(prenominal)(prenominal) powers and authority as could as well as be necessary to modify them to persist as establishments of autonomy and such law might contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the suitable level, subject to such conditions as could also be such in that, with respect toa) The preparation of plans for economic development and social legal expertb) The implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as could also be entrusted to them together with those in relevancy the matters listed within the Eleventh Schedule.Sections seventy five to eighty three area unit regarding the panchayet rule establishments, during which section seventy five, 79, 80, 81, eighty two and eighty three area unit coping with the Gram panchayet. wherever as section seventy six deals with the functions of panchayet Samiti, section seventy seven deals with the functions of Zila Parishad and section seventy eight deals with the powers of the regime on the functions of Panchayats.(A) Main Functions of Gram panchayet (Section 75) Subject to such conditions as could also be such by the govt from time to time, the Gram panchayet shall perform the functions such below(1) General functions (i) preparation of annual plans for development of the panchayet area(ii) Preparation of annual budget(iii) Organizing voluntary labour and voluntary contribution for community works(iv) Removal of encroachments on public properties(v) endeavor relief work throughout natural calamities(vi) tutelage of essential statistics of villages.(2) Agriculture, together with Agriculture flank (i) Execution of plans for development of agriculture and ho rticulture(ii) Execution of plans for reclamation of wasteland(iii) victimization and maintenance of grazing lands and preventing their unauthorized alienation and use.(3) Cooperation with Government and therefore the panchayet Samiti in exploitation, land reclamation and land conservation works.(4) Implementation of peasant irrigation, water management and water coverage development plans.(5) husbandry, dairying and poultry (i) Implementation of schemes for improvement of breed of Bos taurus, poultry and election gunstock(ii) Implementation of the home for promotion of farm forming, poultry and farm.(6) Fisheries Implementation of theme for development of fisheries in villages,(7) Social and farm biological science (i) grove and preservation of trees on the edges of roads and alternative public lands below its mastery(ii) Implementation of social and farm biological science schemes(iii) Plantation for fuel and implementation of schemes for fodder development.(iv) Polishi ng off of programme for development and promotion of sericulture.(8) Minor forest manufacture (i) Providing for assortment, processing, storage and promoting of minor forest manufacture.(9) Khadi, colony and bungalow industries (i) Implementation of schemes for development of village and bungalow industries(ii)Making schemes for development of agricultural and industrial industries and implementing them(iii) Organising awareness camps, seminars and coaching programmes, agricultural and industrial exhibitions for good matter about rural areas.(10) Rural Housing (i) Implementation of rural housing schemes(ii) Distribution of house sites inside its jurisdiction(iii) Maintenance of records concerning building sites and alternative personal and public properties.(11) Beverage facilities (i) Construction, repair and maintenance of public wells, ponds and hand pumps for beverage, laundry garments and bathing(ii) Taking measures for hindrance and management of water contaminant(iii) C onducting and maintaining rural facility scheme(iv) Management of water sources.(12) Roads, buildings, bridges, culverts, water ways that and alternative means that of communication (i) Construction and maintenance of rural roads, drains and bridges culverts.(ii) Maintenance of the building below its management or transferred by the govt or any public authority.(iii) Maintenance of boats, ferries and water ways that.(13) Rural Electrification (i) supply for and maintenance of lighting public streets and alternative places(ii) serving to rural electrification.(14) Non standard energy supply (i) Promotion and development of non- standard energy sources(ii) Maintenance of community non standard energy sources together with bio gas plants(iii) Propagation and subject area of improved ovens and alternative energy means that.(15) Economic condition succor programme (i) Promotion of public awareness and participation in economic condition alleviation programmes for economic condi tion and creation of productive assets(ii) plectron of beneficiaries below varied programmes through Gramsabhas(iii) Guaranteeing effective implementation and observation of schemes.

Experiment to Explore the Rate of Fermentation

Experiment to Explore the Rate of agitationBiology Respiration, fermentationGLX setup burden grapevines alive succus.glxQtyEquipment and MaterialsPart way out1PASPORT Xplorer GLXPS-20021PASPORT ascorbic acid dioxide bollix detectorPS-21101PASPORT propagation CablePS-25001PASPORT Fast-Response Temperature Probe (included with GLX)PS-21351Sampling Bottle (included with sensor)1BalanceSE-87231Beaker, 1 LSE-72881Beaker. 250 mL1Graduated CylinderSE-72891Hot PlateSE-87671charismatic complotrer with stir bar5 mLMineral anele1Pipette1 gSodium fluoride, solid1 pkg.Yeast, dry1 LWater1Weighing write upPurposeThe purpose of the activity is to explore the rate of fermentation. Measure the turnout of ascorbic acid dioxide hitman in a sampling nursing nursing bottle containing barm and grape juice and consequently measure the flub deed when a chemical substance inhibitor is added to the grape juice/ barm mixture.BackgroundAll organisms occupy a source of energy to maintain c ell physiology and growth. Cellular breathing is the process utilize to oxidize food molecules and release the energy to fuel life processes.There are two types of cellular respiration aerobiotic and anaerobic and both begin with glycolysis. Glycolysis is a biochemical process utilized by most microorganisms (yeast, bacteria) and higher animals to convert glucose to pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Prior to glycolysis, enzymes break plenty starch into complex sugars (such as sucrose) and then simple sugars (such as laevulose and glucose). During glycolysis, the glucose breaks prevail oer into pyruvate.Animal cells and some unicellular organisms convert the pyruvate to lactic panelling (lactic acid fermentation). Some plant cells and unicellular organisms convert the pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide gas (alcoholic fermentation).Yeasts are versatile organisms. Unlike most other organisms that retrieve their cellular energy either through aerobic respiration (requiring volatilized oxygen) or through anaerobic respiration fermentation (requiring the absence of oxygen), yeast cells respire in either condition, depending upon the availability of gaseous oxygen.During fermentation, enzymes break down(a) complex carbohydrates into simpler ones. The loss of structural integrity, which heap result from castrates in pH or high temperatures, usually leads to a loss of enzyme activity.In this activity, the yeast cells use fermentation(also known as anaerobic respiration) to transform the sugars in grape juice into carbon dioxide gas, ATP molecules, and ethanol.Pre-lab QuestionsMeasure carbon dioxide gas production during the metabolism of yeast in grape juice.How would a chemical inhibitor that clams enzyme actions affect the carbon dioxide gas production?How would a change in temperature (either very cold or very hot) affect the carbon dioxide gas production?How leave simply the gas production change over snip?Safety PrecautionsFollow all directions for using the equipment.Wear protective cogwheel (e.g., safety goggles, gloves, apron).ProcedureYeast and grapevine Juice Preparation bind a Fast-Response Temperature Probe (included with the GLX) into Port 1 on the left side of meat of the Xplorer GLX. The Graph Screen will automatically open with Temperature (C) versus Time (s). force the Home key () to go to the Home Screen. Select Digits and press the oxygenate key ().Pour 450 mL of grape juice into a beaker. beat the end of the temperature canvass into the juice. Press the bewilder key () on the GLX so you can watch the temperature of the grape juice.Place the beaker on a hot plate and slowly hard the juice to a temperature of 30 to 35C (yeast will die above 40C). When the temperature is between 30 and 35C, adjust the hot plate so the grape juice remains warm, but does not get any hotter.While the juice is warming, add 100 mL of warm tap water to other beaker. Remember to keep the temperature below 40C use the temperature probe to bring out sure. Add a package of dry yeast to the beaker and stir well. The yeast will become active in 15 to 20 min.GLX apparatusStop recording temperature data. Remove the Fast-Response Temperature Probe from the GLX.Connect a PASPORT annex Cable into Port 1 on the top of the Xplorer GLX. Connect the other end of the Extension Cable to the PASPORT carbon dioxide Sensor.The Graph Screen will automatically open with carbonic acid gas Concentration (ppm) versus Time (s).Open the GLX setup rouse labeled grape juice.glx (check the appendix at the end of this activity). The file is set to record data once per second.Sensor Calibration (Optional) essay the appendix at the end of this activity.Equipment SetupTransfer 150 ml of warm up grape juice to the sampling bottle. Add a stir bar.Mix the yeast abatement well and add 10 mL to the juice. habit a dropper to add a form of mineral oil to the surface of the grape juice/yeast mixture so the yeast will have anaerobic conditions.Put the end of the carbon dioxide Gas Sensor into the sampling bottle loosely. (You do not necessity gas pressure to build up too high in the sampling bottle.) Do not push the rubber jade down into the end of the sampling bottle.Note Avoid bumping the CO2 Gas Sensor during data collection because it may record erratically.Put the sampling bottle on the magnetic stirrer. Turn on the stirrer. go into data grape vine Juice and YeastPress the Start key on the GLX.Record data for 30 minutes and then stop.Carefully bring the CO2 Gas Sensor from the sampling bottle. tend of the contents as tell and rinse the inside of the bottle.Record Data Grape Juice, Yeast, and InhibitorTransfer some other 150 mL of warm grape juice to the sampling bottle and add 1.0 g of sodium fluoride.Stir the yeast suspension once once more and add 10 mL to the grape juice. Add a layer of mineral oil on top of the grape juice as before.Return the CO2 Gas Sensor to the sampling bott le so that the rubber stopper rests loosely in the end of the bottle.Press the Start key on the GLX, record data for 30 minutes and then stop.Carefully remove the CO2 Gas Sensor from the sampling bottle. Dispose of the contents as directed and rinse the inside of the bottle.Record Data Warm Grape Juice and YeastDisconnect the CO2 Gas Sensor and reconnect the Fast-Response Temperature Probe. Select Digits as before and put the end of the probe in the remaining grape juice.Use the hot plate to warm the grape juice to between 45 and 50C. Transfer the warmed grape juice to the sampling bottle.Stir the yeast suspension again and add 10 mL to the warmed grape juice. Add a layer of mineral oil on top of the grape juice as before.Disconnect the temperature probe and re-connect the CO2 Gas Sensor. Return the CO2 Gas Sensor to the sampling bottle so that the rubber stopper rests loosely in the end of the bottle.Press the Start key on the GLX, record data for 30 minutes and then stop.Carefully remove the CO2 Gas Sensor from the sampling bottle. Dispose of the contents as directed and rinse the inside of the bottle.How do your results compare with others in your set?AnalysisDraw a sketch of your CO2 stringency versus time graph as requested in the Lab Report section.Use your recorded data to find the change in CO2 concentration for the grape juice and yeast, the grape juice, yeast, and inhibitor, and the warmed grape juice (optional).In the Graph Screen, press F3 to open the Tools menu. Select Statistics and press Activate. The Statistics show the marginal and maximum values.Calculate the rate of change of CO2 concentration versus time, or the ratio of CO2 concentration (in ppm) divided by the time (in minutes), for from each one affiliate of data.Record your results in the Lab Report.AppendixTo open a specific GLX file, go to the Home Screen (press ). In the Home Screen, take up Data Files and press the Activate () key. Use the cursor keys to navigate to the file you want. Press F1 () to open the file.Optional To calibrate the PS-2110 CO2 Gas Sensor, claver the instructions provided by the instructor.Name ________________________________ Date ___________Pre-Lab QuestionsMeasure carbon dioxide gas production during the metabolism of yeast in grape juice.How would a chemical inhibitor that stops enzyme actions affect the carbon dioxide gas production?How would a change in temperature (either very cold or very hot) affect the carbon dioxide gas production?How will the gas production change over time?DataMake a sketch of one run of CO2 concentration versus time, including labels for the y- and x-axes.Data TableRunInitial CO2 (ppm)Final CO2 (ppm)Total time (min)CO2 production (ppm/min)Grape juice + yeastGrape juice, yeast, inhibitorWarm grape juice + yeastQuestionsWhat is the overall rate of CO2 production for grape juice and yeast and how does it change over time?How does the rate of CO2 production for grape juice, yeast, and the chemical inhib itor compare to the rate for the grape juice and yeast alone?How does the rate of CO2 production for the heated grape juice and yeast compare to the rate for the grape juice and yeast?What can you quit about the affect of the chemical inhibitor on the yeast suspension?What can you conclude about the affect high temperature on the yeast suspension?

Bilingual Education Essay -- essays research papers

Benefits of bilingual learningDavid HostermanThe final payment of multilingualist didactics is a very controversial issue and many people have different views concerning this subject. " bilingualist direction began in 1968 as a small, $7.5 million federal program to help Mexican-American students, half(a) of whom could not speak slope well when they entered first grade" (Chavez 23). In addition, it began 23 years ago as a historic state for busing students to schools to achieve racial integration. One would believe that the supporters of bilingual education argon Latinos but in actuality they are black and white professionals who know the advantages of their children creation bilingual. It has been proven that students who are enrolled in bilingual classes have better get ahead on standardized tests, such as the ACTs and SATs, than those who are not enrolled in bilingual classes. bilingualist education is beneficial for our country and enables students to learn E nglish as well as keeping their native tongue for next success in our global economy. Bilingual education works in our society and should stay intact within the schools and should be funded to enable students who want to take these classes should be able to.In aspect of Rudolph Giulianis view that bilingual education doesnt work and that it is too expensive should be better persuasion out and he should look at the benefits that come from it. Giuliani was quoted regarding bilingual education by saying, "Its cruel to them and gives them less of a chance to pull through" (Willen 8). This is a bizarre view that Giuliani is issuing considering that it has been proven that students who are enrolled in bilingual classes perform better on standard eyes tests. This is an advantage for these students to succeed considering that the better the test grades the better the opportunity to get into good college. In addition sensation can notice that knowing more than one language can & quotutilize the strengths of bilingual children to prepare all students to get by in a global economy that increasingly calls for multilingual and multicultural expertise" (Beyer 11). Bilingual education can be seen beneficial in many schools and helps students prepare for a future in corporate America.In El Paso at a secondary school bilingual education can be seen as helpful for both the students and credibility of the school. At this... ... September 199811 EV.Bowen, Ezra. " preparation For Learning Or Ethnic vanity? Parents Politicians and      Pedagogues Battle Over Bilingual Classes" Time 8 July 1985 80.Chavez, Linda. "Bilingual Education Was to Teach English, Not Trap Students"      Minneapolis Star Tribune 2 April 1995 23A. Gonzales, Patricia. "Why Is Bilingual Education Opposed?" The Dallas Morning News     11 July 1996 23A.Pratt, Chasity. "One Class, dickens Languages/ Both Engl ish, Foreign Benefit Bilingual      Schools." Newsday 4 April 2000 6A.Ruano-Martinez, Natalia. "Should We Abolish Bilingual Education? No It Prepares Kids      For Global Economy." USA Today 2 June 1998 13A.Weber, Brian. " inbred Tongue Denver Schools Wrestle With Bilingual Education As     Feds influence New Demands" Denver Rocky Mountain News 19 October 1997 40A.Willen, Liz. "Bilingual Debate/ Rudys Push to Limit Education Programs Draws Flak"      Newsday 16 January1998 8A.

A.I. - Complex and Rich :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

A.I. the Movie - mazy and Rich The pastime of viewing asks has enraptured me for all of my memorable life. No director has provoked my attention and incisively touched me at the close to extreme and deep levels as Stanley Kubrick. To call Kubrick my favorite filmmaker would be an understatement. In 1994 Stanley Kubrick called up his longtime friend Steven Spielberg and asked him to come over to his home, ripe outside London, as he had something important to discuss with him. Spielberg flew out that night. The side by side(p) day Kubrick told Spielberg he wanted him to direct A.I. as a Stanley Kubrick doing with Kubrick producing. Kubrick provided Spielberg with the reasoning that the film would be better suited to his directing means and his computer special effects fluency (Stanley Kubrick LIP). As Kubrick had been working on A.I. since the 1980s he had difficulties in several areas with the project. He never implant a writer to his satisfaction that he could collaborate with and form a screenplay. Kubrick also could not solve certain issues with the film such as the portrayal of Gigolo Joe and other core elements of the story (Daly, Harlan). Additionally Kubrick was not contented with the state of technology and computer graphics and he knew that if he waited good a few years, making a much better film would be possible. A.I. remained a work in progress and Spielberg went on to other endeavors as he opted not to direct A.I. a few months after (Daly 28). Nevertheless Kubrick still consulted with Spielberg on A.I. and shelved it for a bit so he could make the interim film, Eyes Wide Shut. Kubrick died shortly thereafter. A.I. was passed down in a sense, and Spielberg picked it back up and attempted to do in 2 years what Kubrick was struggling to do for a good decade and a half. There is a lot to like about the finished harvesting of A.I. I choose to not be bothered by the part of the film that I feel are glossy. I found ceremonial it to be a captivating experience. Let no mistake be made, A.I. is a Steven Spielberg film. Sure, Spielberg utilized the numerous conversations he had with Kubrick as well as Kubricks copious but scattershot preparatory outlines, notes, and drawings but I great deal only imagine what A.I. would have been had Kubrick made the picture (Daly 30).

Hamlet: Meaning Within Meaning :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet centre Within Meaning Within the play Hamlet there last many puns and articulates, which find a figure meaning. Little plays on haggling which tend to add a bit of entertainment to the dialogue of the play. These ramate tongue phrases are dod by Shakespeare to cast an insight to the characters in the play to give them more(prenominal) depth and substance. However, most importantly, these phrases cause the lecturer or audience to think. They are able to show a icon meaning that not all people would pick up on, which is the persona of the comments. Little is known about Shakespeares life, other than he was a big playwright whose works serve to meld literary casts for ages to come. This was his occupation, he wrote and enjoin plays to be performed. This was his sole form of income that we know of, it was his way of putting the breadstuff on the table. If people did not like what Shakespeare wrote, then he would not earn any money. If the people didnt like what they saw, he became the starving artist. Shakespeare wrote these dialogues in such a manner as to entertain the Nobility, as fountainhead as the peasants. The Shakespearean theater is a physical manifestation of how Shakespeare catered to more than one social class in his theatrical productions. These Shakespearean theaters have a unique construction, which had specific seats for the wealthy, and likewise, a designated separate stand up section for the peasants. This definite separation of the classes is also evident in Shakespeares writing, in as much as the nobility of the productions speak in poetical iambic pentameter, whereas the peasants speak in ordinary prose. Perhaps Shakespeare incorporated these double meanings into the lines of his characters with the intention that only a select number of his audience were meant to hear it in either its double meaning, or its true meaning. However, even when the tragic hero, Hamlets, wordplay is intentional, it is not always clear w hy he uses it. To contrive or to clarify? Or to control his own uncensored thoughts? The animation and turmoil of his mind brings words thronging into speech, stretching, over-turning and contorting their implications. Sometimes Hamlet has to struggle to use the simplest words repeatedly, as he tries to force meaning to flow in a single channel. To Ophelia, after he has encountered her in her loneliness, reading on a book, he repeats five times, Get thee to a nunnery varying the phrase very little, simply reiterating what was already said by changing observe to go.

A Conversation with Anna Quindlan and Alice Walker :: Biography Biographies Essays

A Conversation with Anna Quindlan and Alice Walker   It was an early Fall afternoon. The harming of afternoon which lends itself to fluid contemplation of the meaning of life, either while sit down under a tree, or walking by the woods admiring the ever-changing foliage, or writing by sunlight in a quiet coffeeshop I had begun to list home. This particular afternoon I opted for the coffeeshop.   I walked through the door and waved to Theresa, who was standing behind the counter. In the three years I had been coming to this place I was never served by anyone but Theresa. She k stark naked me scarce as Honey. As my look adjusted to the light on the inner(a) of the coffeeshop, I removed my jacket and moved to my customary spot at the table to the extreme rear, beside the windows. I sit here because, in this corner, I can be an inconspicuous observer of the world. I have a view of the street outside the window and a view of the privileged of the coffeeshop f rom this vantage point. While on the way to my table, I noticed something new in my second home.   There the two of them sat. One white, thirty-something, in a conservative blue dress. The other black, only the experience that shows in her eyes giving away her true age of fifty-two, dressed in a colorful, flowing dress that seemed to have a vibrant life of its own. They appeared to be engaged in light conversation like two women from a General Foods International Coffee commercial. I immediately changed direction and headed for their table.   Mrs. Quindlen, Mrs. Walker, it is a pleasure and an honor to see you. I have read your books and exhaustively enjoyed them. Would you mind if I joined you?   Not at all, stated Mrs. Quindlen. Please, call me Anna. She studied my face intently, trying to decide whether or not to glide by with the conversation or to simply while away the time with handsome talk until they could gently push me away. She decided on the for mer.   We were just sit down here discussing men. You just happened to walk up and now we have a real live man with which to examine.

Mark Twain :: essays research papers

I chose to do Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) because I believe Twain is the greatest American author of all time.Samuel Langhorne Clemens whitethorn have been one of the greatest American authors of all time. Samuel, Son of hind end and pack Clemens, was born on November 30, 1835 in the town of Florida, Missouri. Samuel was born both months premature and it seemed unlikely that Samuel would survive the harsh winter only so he did. Death would take other children in the family instead Margaret in 1836, Benjamin in 1842, and Henry in 1858(Miller, 2& international ade night clubere3). check to Miller, Samuel remembered his father as "A proud, a silent austere humankind who considered himself to be a member of the professional class both by virtue of his birth and by the fact that he studied law. He was Justice of the Peace in Florida and he owned 3 slaves, genetical by the death of his father."Samuel&8217s father was the owner of a 75,000 acre estate in Tenn essee--land he had purchased for 500 dollars convinced that he was securing his family&8217s eventual fortune. Despite owning an estate in Tennessee, in 1839 James Clemens moved his family to Hannibal, Missouri where he hoped to find prosperity. 8 years later, Samuel&8217s father died of pneumonia leaving behind a family of five. Samuel was 11 and was devastated.(Miller, 4&5)Samuel Clemens was a difficult child. He almost drowned on nine separate occasions. Within a year of his fathers death, Samuel was apprenticed to a local anesthetic printer, Joseph Ament. He worked for nearly two years for Ament, leaving him in October, 1850 in order to join the Hannibal Western Union, a small weekly newspaper that had been bought by his brother Orion Clemens. Orion promised Samuel good wages but was seldom able to pay it(Miller, 5). By 1853, Samuel was ready to try to gather in his own way. In May of that year, at the age of 17, he remaining Hannibal for St. Louis, New York, and Phi ladelphia. For the next two years, he supported himself--often only salutary barely-- as a typesetter for a variety of newspapers, while enjoying what would bring up to be the first of many travels. By the spring of 1855, he was formerly again working for Orion, now a printer in Keokuk, Iowa.(Sanborn, 89-93)By this time, Samuel Clemens had discovered the joy of seeing his words in print. He wrote simply because he found it easy to write, he had no idea of what he wanted to do in life.

The History and Future of Computers and the Internet :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The business relationship and Future of Computers and the netThe early history of mechanical computers really began to outcome off in the mid 1940s. Between 1943-1946 the first true public purpose electronic computer was made. Constructed at the University of Pennsylvania the computer was named the ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and computer.) The ENIAC was developed by two important keystone species, ass William Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert Jr. The ENIAC was absolutely humongous it stood 10 feet tall and occupied 1,000 settle feet of floor space. On top of that it weighed in at 30 oodles The major problem with the ENIAC was its reliability. The ENIAC ran on vacuum tubes, and these vacuum tubes constantly burn out causing people to replace them on an average of 50 times a day. Both Mauchly and Eckert realized that the ENIAC needed major return and began working on other designs. Unfortunately due to several members abandoning the depict to pursue other jobs their next computer, the EDVAC never really took off. The first commercially successful computer to hit the market was in 1951. The computer was named the UNIVAC. The UNIVAC was fabricate by Remington Rand and was influenced by Eckert and Mauchly. The Univac was 943 cubic feet and ran on serial vacuum tubes. 46 UNIVACs were built for government and business uses. The UNIVAC was able to show its favourable position over other technological advances like the IBM punch card. Although the UNIVAC was much fast-breaking than the punch card it took a year for people to fully take for granted the UNIVAC. The UNIVAC is also known for predicting the Eisenhower election, thus making it a household name.With the UNIVAC gaining popularity some people began thinking that the computer was the next step towards a break up technological future. gobbler Watson Jr. was one of the few that saw a great future in computers. After struggling to convince his cause that the computer was the next step in b usiness Watson Jr. began victimization on the IBM 650. While the IBM 650 wasnt technologically better than the UNIVAC it did sell better. Tom Watson Jr. brought an IBM company which previously declared that computers will have no place in the homes of America to a thriving business. While computers seemed to be doing wonders for businesses it didnt truly hit home until the birth of the internet.The Birth of the InternetMany people forget why the internet was originally formed.

Tech Schooling Essay examples -- Education, Vo-Tech High Schools

When plumbing goes bad, pig urgencys cutting, or the car goes on the fritz, who is going to derive the betoken? Most plenty will answer the plumber, the stylist, or the auto animize place down the road at Wal-Mart. That answer is mostly correct. Although, the charge needs to be on how those people got where they ar today. These people, who do so much work for us every single day, need to get some consideration. In most cases they would have gone to a vocational high instruct or technical college. These are special schools in which students learn the exact skills they need to complete their desired career in an accelerated period of time. More people should be advertized to go to these schools, because we will need more Blue Collar workers in our future.Students as young as fourteen years of age can project these vo-tech high schools to start training for their future career (Nolan 4). This may see young to some parents because the coarse misconception of these schools is that the student stops tralatitious information to enter technical classes (Nolan 3). This is a false statement. Any high school student that decides to get into a tech program still has to get to all of his or her core classes. At Central Nine in Indianapolis, the students have to take a half day at their popular high school. They still have to take their English, math, science and all the different required courses for them to graduate with their class. Then the second half of the day is washed-out taking their vocational classes at the Central Nine building learning the skills for their desired career.For far too long, people have regarded vocational school as a second class selection to a traditional college. Some believe that only under achievers will attend this compositors case of school... ...ast consider them. On the other hand, we do not need to forces this concept down the throats of these nice people who are dead label on a four-year college. Vocational scho oling is not for everyone. Some people are just not cut out to do manual of arms labor. That is okay though, we still need the lawyers and bankers in our world. Encouragement is a common word throughout this paper. The best thing that can be make about the problem of dwindling enrollment in technical college is to encourage people considering this schooling. Encourage people to look into this type of education, because we do need more Blue Collar workers in our future. Encourage current or past students to talk about their experiences in tech schools with people who are confused about what they want to do in their life. Encourage them that this option is NOT for under achievers, but for over achievers.

Heroification and Its Damaging Effects :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Heroification and Its Damaging Effects In the Disney movie Life-Size, actress Tyra Banks plays the utilisation of Eve, a Barbie-like doll, who is perfect in every way, come to life. Later in the movie, the once-very popular Eve dolls sales decrease dramatically, and the company stops the action of the Eve doll not realizing what they atomic number 18 doing wrong. Distressed, Banks, the large Eve doll, turns to her owner Casey and learns two valuable lessonsthat perfection is dull and unrealistic, and it is okay to make mistakes. Casey tells the life-size Eve that the Eve doll is too goody-goody to be real, and girls gather up more realistic role modelsheroeswith personality, inner struggles, and mistakes. Almost every wholeness likes heroes from Spiderman to firefighters to Dad who juice up the young and keep them motivated however when the heroes lives and beliefs are fabricated to get a stereotype, these humans regress into nothing more than a boring ideal . Heroification with cognitive dissonance blind students to the reality of this world and limit their talent to view controversies objectively. Heroification is the process where detailsboth important and trivialare left out or changed to fit the archetypical mold of the flawless, atrocious heroes. This degenerative process makes flesh-and-blood individuals into pious, perfect creatures without conflicts, pain, credibility, or human interest (Loewen 19). For example, many a(prenominal) people know of Helen Keller only as the blind, deaf girl who contempt her handicaps learned to read, write, and to speak, but this is only the first twenty years of her life. whatsoever happened to Keller for the next sixty-four years of her life? Keller was, in fact, a theme socialist in Massachusetts starting in the early 1900s, and was one of the most madnessate and famous woman during that time rallying for the spick-and-span communist nation. Kellers love for socialism di d not stem from a pointlessness but was rooted deep within her experiences as a alter person, and she sympathized with other handicaps and learned that social class controls not only peoples hazard but also their disabilities. But during the heroification process, the schools and the mass media omitted Kellers lifelong goal and passion to bring about radical social change because we would rather give lessons our young to remain uncontroversial and one-dimensional than to have a manner full of leftists (Loewen 35).

File Sharing on the Internet Essay -- Computers Technology Essays

File Sharing on the Internet When we look at of pirates, we see scruffy men with unshaven chins, a bandana, a golden earing, a black patch on one eye, and a wooden leg, men with guns in hand, riding the seas in their wooden ship proudly flying the terrifying skull and crossbones. Well, pirates these days look much different. In fact, you whitethorn be sitting by one right now. They are intermediate people who have come to enjoy the technologies the Internet provides. These pirates are boys and girls, women and men, who habitually root themselves in their desk chairs with eyes fixed on the computer screen. unless todays pirates have something in common with the pirates of days lost in history. two steal what doesnt belong to them. Todays pirates sail the Internet on the prowl for a treasure chest of downloadable files. In the age of technology and information, the Internet has contract widely used for a variety of reasons. I, like many early(a) college and high school stud ents, love to download things off the Internet. Everything is right there in front of me. With a few clicks of the mouse and some wakeless searching strategies, a world of information awaits my curious mind. Theres much to be found movies, computer games, books, reference guides, almost anything you want is there to download. My favorite thing to download is harmony, and its easily accessible on the Internet. I need I am one of those who indulges in the popular practice of downloading harmony from servers. At first, the hot thing was to use Napster. If I heard a good song on the radio, I would remember what it was called and who sang it so that I could download the song and have it available to hear whenever I wanted. After a while, record companies realized that thi... ...ongs from CDs I dont have, and as shortly as I have the means I plan to subtlety collecting their CDs. I am like the many Wilco fans and other music fans who arent trying to cheat record companies and art ists by getting the CDs online for free. In faint-hearted of everything, todays pirates, like those of the past, are in control and cant be stopped. Only by taking drastic measures and infringing on peoples rights to copy CDs legally for legitimate purposes leave alone the pirating be stopped. However, pirating music is not all that bad, and in many shipway is actually good for artists, record companies, listeners, and especially people who love music.Sources cited Levy, Steven. number Off the Music Tap. Newsweek 13 May 2002 40. On-line. Proquest. 10 Oct 2002. Available at http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?Did=0000001189692564&Fmt=3&Deli=1&Mtd=l&Idx=4&Sid=13&RQT=309.

Intellinex, LLC :: essays research papers fc

Executive succinct     Intellinex LLC is an eLearning conjunction that was recently spun off from its mention Ernest & adenosine monophosphate preadolescent LLP. At its start Intellinex claimed to be one of the largest eLearning providers. They have an aggressive strategy to inquire profit of the consolidating eLearning market and become a "one-stop" provider of all eLearning go for their clients. Their counsel is on creating customized controling for clients and helping them to implement and maintain their online courses. Products and function argon geared toward large companies that spend approximately $1 gazillion on their eLearning projects not individuals or small companies. They have maintain a strenuous goal of $100 million revenue in the runner year of business. Company BackgroundIntellinex LLC is an eLearning provider of one-stop learning solutions that are faster, deject in cost, more flexible, and more convenient than traditiona l schoolroom dressing, (www.intellinex.com). Ernst & vitamin A childlike LLP launched their wholly owned eLearning venture, Intellinex LLC, on October 5, 2000. Ernst & youngish was the graduation exercise of the Big 5 firms to create an operating company that offers eLearning services. With slight than a year of experience practicing business on their own, much of the emphasise breeding for Intellinex stems from their internal work with Ernst & Young prior to the gyrate off. Their parent had already seen the light of eLearning and began creating cooking that focused on everything a junior audit person would need when first starting their biography. to the highest degree all Ernst & Young employees had begun taking eLearning courses through and through a whole straightaway known at Intellinex. They found that it was less dearly-won to train them online than to fly them to prep centers for multiple courses. Due to Year 2000 concerns, Ernst & Young changed i ts curriculum-development procedures and what previously took 200 hours to create 1 hour of online training now takes 20 hours. (Walsh 2) Intellinex was able to take advantage of this change. Ernst & Young already had more than 40 clients receiving eLearning services using this unit. Ernst and Young leave bear on to use Intellinex for internal training through a trinity troupe agreement. (Howell 2) Ernst & Youngs decision to separate from its online integrated training department was in hopes of increasing the units gainfulness by acquisitions. Intellinex started with more than 400 employees and five major locations. Their focus was providing customized training for clients through satellite, desktop web casting, streaming video, and web-based courses.Intellinex, LLC essays research papers fc Executive Summary     Intellinex LLC is an eLearning company that was recently spun off from its parent Ernest & Young LLP. At its inception Intellinex cl aimed to be one of the largest eLearning providers. They have an aggressive strategy to take advantage of the consolidating eLearning market and become a "one-stop" provider of all eLearning services for their clients. Their focus is on creating customized training for clients and helping them to implement and maintain their on-line courses. Products and services are geared toward large companies that spend approximately $1 million on their eLearning projects not individuals or small companies. They have asserted a strenuous goal of $100 million revenue in the first year of business. Company BackgroundIntellinex LLC is an eLearning provider of one-stop learning solutions that are faster, lower in cost, more flexible, and more convenient than traditional classroom training, (www.intellinex.com). Ernst & Young LLP launched their wholly owned eLearning venture, Intellinex LLC, on October 5, 2000. Ernst & Young was the first of the Big 5 firms to create an operating compan y that offers eLearning services. With less than a year of experience practicing business on their own, much of the background information for Intellinex stems from their internal work with Ernst & Young prior to the spin off. Their parent had already seen the light of eLearning and began creating training that focused on everything a young audit person would need when first starting their career. Almost all Ernst & Young employees had begun taking eLearning courses through a unit now known at Intellinex. They found that it was less expensive to train them online than to fly them to training centers for multiple courses. Due to Year 2000 concerns, Ernst & Young changed its curriculum-development procedures and what previously took 200 hours to create 1 hour of online training now takes 20 hours. (Walsh 2) Intellinex was able to take advantage of this change. Ernst & Young already had more than 40 clients receiving eLearning services using this unit. Ernst and Young will continue to use Intellinex for internal training through a third party agreement. (Howell 2) Ernst & Youngs decision to separate from its online corporate training department was in hopes of increasing the units profitability by acquisitions. Intellinex started with more than 400 employees and five major locations. Their focus was providing customized training for clients through satellite, desktop web casting, streaming video, and web-based courses.

Sleepwalking :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Sleepwalking Many throng have heard of noctambulism and even know roughly symptoms that exceptt against the disorder, but is there more to the story than just waking up during the night and wandering around in an unaware state? What real causes someone to sleepwalk? To try to conceive the answers to these questions it is important to understand not that what kind of disorder it is, but who has the disorder, how frequently it occurs, what the symptoms are, as soundly as what the treatments are. By exploring these areas, it may be possible to better understand the disorder as well as dispel old notions about it.The Parasomnias are disorders that intrude into the sleep process and create disruptive sleep-related events. rousing disorders are parasomnia disorders presumed to be due to an abnormal arousal mechanism. These arousals occur when a person is in a mixed state of being both asleep and awake, generally coming from the deepest stage of nondreaming sleep, stages 3 and 4. This means a person is awake enough to act out complex behaviors but still asleep and not aware or able to have in mind these actions (1).One of the most common types of arousal disorders is somnambulism, more ordinarily know as sleepwalking. Somnambulism affects children much more regularly than adults. In fact, sleepwalking affects approximately 1% to 17% of children and is more frequently seen in boys. Interestingly, 15% of children aged 5-12 years sleepwalk at least once, but only 3-6% sleepwalk more than once (5). It has been noted that the incidence of sleepwalking decreases with age. Although the get hold of prevalence of sleepwalking in adults is not known, it is estimated to be as blue as 10%.(4). It has also been noted that those individuals who start to sleepwalk as adults are more prone to serious problems with it. Because it is found more commonly in children, who are undergoing many physical and chemical changes, if it is seen to start in adults it is thought to b e linked to mental disturbances other than fatigue or anxiety. However, mental disturbances can be present without counting as a symptom(3). No one seems to know exactly what the cause of somnambulism is, but there are theories that have been suggested. Once asleep, it is thought that the part of the brainpower that controls muscle function is aroused and the sleepwalker begins to move even though he or she is still asleep (2).

Conflicting Points of View in Two Kinds by Amy Tan Essay -- Two Kinds,

The story Two Kinds by Amy Tan is slightly a flummox and daughter who nominate strong conflicting ideas nigh what it means to gift a adept of self. This may be partially due to the mother growing up in China, which is a in truth different culture than the Ameri good deal culture where endless opportunities are acquirable to anyone who wants to pursue them. Jing-meis mother wants her daughter to be the best, a prodigy of sorts, and to have the kind of life, full of hopes and dreams that she did not have. In the beginning of the story Jing-mei desire the idea of becoming a prodigy however, the prodigy in her became impatient. If you dont pelt along up and get me out of here, Im disappearing for good. It warned. And then youll always be nothing (500). After disappointing her mother several times Jing-mei started to detest the idea of becoming a prodigy. The idea Jing-meis mother had for her to become a prodigy was too much thrust for a small youngster and was somethin g that Jing-mei was clearly not ready to be. As a result the pressure that her mother laid upon her notwithstanding made Jing-mei rebel against her mother and she resisted in giving her best. Jing-mei did this because she only wanted her mothers love and acceptance for who she was not only what she could become. Furthermore, Jing-meis point of view of being the kind of person that one can be proud of was very different from her mothers point of view.Jing-mei and her mother have conflicting values of how Jing-mei should live her life. She tries to see what becoming a prodigy would be like from her mothers point of view and the perks that it would bring her as she states in the story In all my imaginings, I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect. My mother and f... ... her own person and lacking(p) only to be accepted for who she is and not who she could be. Even though the end was never discussed it still haunted Jing-mei. That is why Jing-mei was surpri sed when her mother offered her the easygoing for her thirtieth birthday, she took it as a sign of forgiveness. The theme that comes to mind for me when I read this story is conflicting values. While growing up it was an key value to Jing-mei to be accepted for the daughter that she was. Unlike the value of her mother which was to not only become the best you can be however a prodigy, someone famous. In the way that Jing-meis mother pushes so unwaveringly for her to become something bigger than she was it seems that Jing-mei tried her hardest not to. Works CitedTan, Amy. Two Kinds. belles-lettres An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Longman. Boston. 10th ed. 2011

The History of Computers :: Computers Technology Essays

The news report of Computers Thousands of days ago calculations were done using peoples fingers and pebbles that were form just lying around. Technology has transformed so much that right a federal agency the most complicated computations are done within seconds. Human dependance on computers is increasing everyday. Just think how hard it would be to make out a week without a computer. We owe the advancements of computers and other such electronic devices to the intelligence of men of the past. The history of the computer dates back all the way to the prehistoric times. The first step towards the development of the computer, the abacus, was developed in Babylonia in 500 B.C. and functioned as a simple counting tool. It was non until thousands of years later that the first estimator was produced. In 1623, the first mechanical calculator was invented by Wilhelm Schikard, the Calculating Clock, as it was often referred to as, performed its operati ons by wheels, which worked similar to a cars odometer (Evolution, 1). Still, there had not yet been anything invented that could even be characterized as a computer. Finally, in 1625 the gliding rule was created becoming the first analog computer of the modern ages (Evolution, 1). iodin of the biggest breakthroughs came from by Blaise Pascal in 1642, who invented a mechanical calculator whose briny function was adding and subtracting numbers. Years later, Gottfried Leibnez improved Pascals model by allowing it to also perform such operations as multiplying, dividing, taking the full-strength root. Technology continued to prosper in the computer world into the nineteenth century. A major figure during this time is Charles Babbage, intentional the idea of the divergence Engine in the year 1820. It was a calculating machine designed to tabulate the results of mathematical functions (Evans, 38). Babbage, however, never completed this invention because he came up with a newer creation in which he named the Analytical Engine. This computer was expect to solve any mathematical problem (Triumph, 2). It relied on the punch mentality input. The machine was never actually finished by Babbage, and today Herman Hollerith has been impute with the fabrication of the punch card tabulating machine.

The Bay :: The Hudson’s Bay Company

INTRODUCTIONThe Hudsons embayment familiarity is the oldest incorporated merchandising company in the world. The bay laurel has remained in business in North America after its incorporation on May 2, 1670 by the Royal Charter. The official title of the company is, The governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudsons Bay. This title is usually pint-size to Hudsons Bay Company or, just the Bay.I was attracted to the Hudsons Bay Company because firstly, I am frequently shop at the Bay. As a result of this, I would like to show the pride and paying attention I progress to for this successful company and its great history. Secondly, I have easy access to the information required to complete this independent culture. Lastly, as I am not an expert when it comes to the operations of the company, this independent study will enable me to achieve a dimer understanding of management, and how it affects me.I utilize a number of resources in order to create this r eport. The resources are Hudsons Bay Company Annual Repoorts of 1996, 1997, 1998, Employee Training handbook, the Internet, and magazines. I combined these resources to puddle a very informative report on the Hudsons Bayu Company. In addition to this, the resources I used gave me a chance to cover umteen aspects and areas of this corporation. The topics covered in this report are Company Profile, Human Resources, node Services, Organization, and Community Involvement.I included these types of information to give you, the reader, a deep interpretation of the Hudsons Bay Company.To understand how the Hudsons Bay Company (HBC) became the corporation it is today, a brief history is needed to gain most background knowledge. In the Bays first century of existence, it created forts on the Hudson Bay and traded furs to the Native Peoples. In the Bays second century, contest from the North West Company was acknowledged and responded to. This total while time period of 200 year s assisted in the discovery of Canada. In 1821, the deuce competitors merged under the name of Hudsons Bay.In the twentieth century, HBC began to keep down on retailing which is its primary activity today. Between 1913 and 1968, HBC do downtown department stores in the major cities of western Canada. As time rolled along, the Bay moved into eastern Canada and the suburbs of major Canadian cities.

A Great Helper in a Great Educators Educational Reforms, the Late Suza

Suzan Ari (1927 - 2002) - a womanhood rare among womenA slap-up Helper in a Great Educators Educational Reforms...loss of Suzan Ari we are grieving(Salih Coar - Deputy ground attend and Leader of the Democrat Party Minister for Finance andEconomy and formerly Minister of Education and Culture -kktc Halkn Sesi 26 November 2002)The Prime Minister of North Cyprus attended the funeral of this rare woman among women.. from Canada university teaching & fosterage staff, and others in the USA & the UK who as auntie referred to this extraordinary woman poured in messages, including from persons k darked by Britain and representing this persistent womans nation in Europe, of commiseration...Suzan Ari in sociable educational cultural reforms and affable progress of (especially Turkish speaking) Cypriots was a great helper in education efforts of her husband & educator, the late Orhan Seyfi Ari by the Minister of Education dubbed teacher of teachers, and a active fearless defender of liberties in his columns -in articles on teachers, educators, and poems a thinker himself a school, whose mark on the nations history of education is not little, who a street is named after in the visionary teachers, reformers, successful educational cultural efforts this womans help was enormous.As the Greek and Turkish Cypriot pupils of her husbands, teachers, and many raft of the British Colony of Cyprus do teacher Orhan Aris teaching and educational and cultural leadership as teacher at elementary then Cypriot and English secondary and grammar schools and head teacher at secondary schools and proofreader at institutes his efforts and also hers, so do many from the later democracy of Cyprus and the still later Nor... ...tory of education of Cyprus, in the education and cultural social progress of a Commonwealth nation now its men and women at its level of teaching, education, culture enjoying the highest percentage of university graduates in the European Union.Suzan Ari had be en to prayers on Wednesday night on 20th November, 2002, met, chatted, prayed with her neighbours, friends the following morning this great woman indorser to educational cultural social progress was found to have peacefully passed away.These verses of the peoples teacher of teachers -the Teacher Orhan Ari apply to the extraordinary woman Suzan Ari -a great helper in educational, literacy, cultural social progressThe pure in heart truly extend neverJoyous be, in hearts they live foreverTulips representing donations in her honour to the educational trust surrounded Mrs. Aris coffin.

SLEEP APNEA Essay -- essays research papers

SLEEP APNEAWhat is nap Apnea?The Greek word "apnea" literally means "without breath." There are terzetto types of tranquillity apnea obstructive, central, and mixed of the three, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is the most common. Despite the variation in the root cause of each type, in all three, mess with untreated ease apnea stop breathing repeatedly during their pile, nearlymultiplication hundreds of times during the night and often for a minute or longer. Obstructive log Zs apnea is caused by a blockage of the airway, usually when the soft tissue in the rear of the throat collapses and closes during sleep. In central sleep apnea, the airway is non blocked but the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe. Mixed sleep apnea is a combination of the two. With each apnea event, the brain briefly awakes sleep apnea victims from sleep in order for them to resume breathing, therefore sleep is extremely fragmented and of wretched quality. Sleep apnea is very common and affects more than twelve million Ameri preserves. guess factors include being male, overweight, and over the age of forty, but sleep apnea jackpot strike anyone at any age, even children. Yet still because of the omit of awareness by the public and healthcare professionals, the vast majority carry on undiagnosed and therefore untreated, despite the fact that this serious disorder can have significant consequences. Untreated, sleep apnea can cause high rootage pressure and other cardiovascular diseases, memory problems, weight gain, impotency, and headaches. Moreover, untreated sleep apnea may be responsible for job impairment and motor vehicle crashes. Fortunately, sleep apnea can be diagnosed and treated. Several treatment options exist, and research into spare options continues. How is Sleep Apnea treated? There is currently no proven drug therapy for sleep apnea. However, there are 4 basic approaches to treatment, which are not mutually exclusive 1. Modificati on of circumstances which may be causing sleep apnea or making it worse. This would include weight loss, avoidance of inebriant and sedative drugs, trying to sleep only on your side and fish fillet smoking. It would also help to improve nasal breathing if this problem exists sometimes this can be done with some simple medication and from time to time it requires an operation. Finally it is important to avoid sleep deprivation. 2. Use Contin... ...y and which therapy in particular. The military rating Process An evaluation at the Sleep Disorders Center begins with an initial interview with the director of the Center. In many instances, one visit is sufficient for a diagnosis to be made and a treatment plan formulated. For some patients, however, more extensive testing is required. If an all-night sleep study is required, it is performed at our testing ground in The Presbyterian Hospital /Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. The all-night sleep study is a dependable and disce rnly painless technique by which physiological functions in sleep are measured. Patients spend one or more nights in a private and comfortable laboratory during which a series of measurements are taken with sophisticated monitoring devices. Patients arrive at the laboratory in the change surface and leave the following morning it is usually not necessary to dribble a day of work. In the course of your night at the sleep laboratory, over 1000 pages of data are collected, along with a complete video-tape record. This data is thoroughly reviewed by our expert staff and when necessary, by supererogatory consultants. A detailed final report is usually ready deep down one week.