The importance of body language and gesture in the Couselling exchange Essay

The importance of body language and gesticulate in the Co calllling exchange - Essay ExampleIt is an artistic science and a scientific art. It uses the most civilise technical tools to explore the deep depths of an individuals personality.Guidance and counselling are similar in nature. Both are continuous. The term guidance we use in a much wider sense turn counselling often utilize to specific purposes. Counselling is the centre of all guidance programs. Counselling is much technical in nature and it guides the guidance process. The data obtained in the counselling process is often used in guidance process.Body language on the other hand is the peculiar responses of our body to certain(prenominal) situations. All forms of human communication are not uses verbal languages. Body language often makes use of facial expressions. It is a mean of communication using body movements and gestures instead of verbal language or other communication.Many people send and receive non verbal s ignals all the time. For example, while playing cricket, a batsmans thoughts ab bulge out a difficult derby hat will always come out as his gestures and body languages. When the batsman deceived by a particular ball, he often make gestures and the bowler can easily identify the thoughts of the batsman and he can attack him consistently with such balls to pull back him out. Thus body language or gestures are often the results of the thoughts of the person regarding a particular situation. The counseling at the time of counselling observes the body language of the counselee along with his responses to the questions. An experienced counsellor can contemplate more from the body language and gestures of the counselee than his verbal responses. While making conclusion the counsellor will plow all such behaviours of the counselee to assess the problem correctly.What people say could often be very varied from what theyre thinking or feeling. Its very easy to say something untrue or ins incere, so we can neer rely on words alone. Fortunately, theres a proven way to

Roman Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roman Republic - Essay ExampleBut having said that, in case the triple parties contradict with each other, then living in Rome could become like running on thorns. As explained, each party controls crucial departments which are integral for the development of economy in Rome. If the consuls do not agree with the decisions of the senate then the countrys security would be in trouble do the businesses running in the country, to fear for their lives. Similarly if the senate refuses to pay for working committee, then the revenue of the country could bestow a deep hemorrhage resulting in large number of passel losing out on their jobs. On the other hand, If people fail to execute their rights properly by acknowledging committed performances from their compatriots or punishing the immoral properly or even if they contradict with the senate with regard to ramifications or penalties, then that could also ruin the lives of people as those carrying out illegal activities may feel even mor e comfortable knowing that the giving medication is not providing proper penalties. On a personal opinion, as mentioned above, the rules and regulations, the policies, all could become the best ones operational only if the three parties of the government work in unison.

Competing In The Global Arena Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Competing In The Global Arena - Essay ExampleWhy is Apple attribute so much cash Having too much cash in reserve might any mean that the company does not know yet how to eitherocate it or that they may have whatever risk concerns about future potential investment.Apple is obviously one of the handful of companies where the fortunes be seen to be intricately tied to the person in charge. The star excellence and the thinker talents linked by professionals Jobs are certainly contributed to the success of the company. So the news of Jobs cancer surgery might lead to a term problem and compromise the companys future.Apple achieved a solid performance for the first pull of 2005 compared to the same quarter 2004 with strong last(a) sales in the Americas segment (+77%) in Europe (+63%) and in Japan (+18%). The Americas segment represents approximately 47% of the companys total authorise sales. The increase in net sales in the Americas, Europe and Japan was primarily driven by increa sed demand of the iPod and the consumer-oriented iMAC (Apple Computer, Inc. (AAPL), 2006). use up for the iBook products were especially high for the Americas, while peripherals and other hardware were more popular in Europe. The retail segments net sales grew to $561 million as compared to $273 million in the same period in 2004, this represents a singular 105% increase.B. Strategic PostureMissionApple strives for continuous improvement in our environmental, health and golosh management systems and in the environmental quality of our products, processes and services (Environmental Health and Safety Policy Statement, 2006).Apples Guiding Principles pair or exceed all applicable environmental, health and safety requirements. Where laws and regulations do not provide comely controls, Apple will adopt their own standards to protect human health and the environment (Apple and the Environment).Support and get on sound scientific principles and fiscally responsible public policy tha t enhance environmental quality, health and safety. encourage the adoption of prudent environmental, health and safety principles and practices by their contractors, vendors and suppliers (Environmental Health and Safety Policy Statement, 2006).Communicate environmental, health and safety policies and programs to Apple employees and stakeholders.Design, manage and operate our facilities to maximize safety, promote energy efficiency and protect the environment. get to to create products that are safe in their intended use, conserve energy and materials and prevent pollution passim the product life cycle including design, manufacture, use and end-of-life management (Environmental Health and Safety Policy Statement, 2006).Ensure that all employees are aware of their role and responsibility to fulfill and sustain Apples environmental, he

Attorney General v. Blake and Another Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Attorney General v. Blake and Another - Essay ExampleThese quartet judges were responsible for managing the exceptional cases and all the issues regarding this case (Glanvill, 1967). Date of the Case 27 July 2000 2. Central sanctioned issue(s) The current case belonged to the breaching of narrow issue held in between two individuals. This English contract fair play is effective in the situations when breaching of contract becomes the serious issue in between them and one of them file a court case. In such situations, ordinary remedies are of no use until or unless the two parties agree with each other. But when they do not, the restitution damages are likely to be awarded to the individual who take the stands his true statement (Robinson, 1993). 3. Facts of the case Some of the facts of this case are 1. Under section 2--Chancery Amendment Act, it becomes clear from this case that jurisdictions sometimes stay put ineffective. In such situations, the Section 2 plays its vital role in empowering the Court of Chancery from distinguishable blooms of view (Bailli, 2009). 2. In cases when the court declines to grant specific injunctions, which are likely to affect the indefinite consequences and prove them to be either right or wrong, then in such situations, the damages faced by the victim are properly investigated. Also they remain concusses to contact the courts for future contract breaching issues (Bailli, 2009). 3. Another fact unveiled by the case is that remedies are always available to control the situation (Bailli, 2009). 4. The cause of action The attainment of a higher level contract breaches is widely linked by researchers to better and metrical case analysis and court judgements (Harris, 2005). Coming from this case assumptions it becomes clear that the two parties who are doing some straighten out of business or commitments with each other should remain liable to their terms and conditions. The problem however is, the grade of contract bre aching issues does not seem to be dropping since a decade. Not alone in ground forces but in almost all other countries of the world the cases of contract breaches have been reported in large number. There are many reasons that account to low level of professionalism and fulfilling of commitment, leading to tremendous contract breaches and actions taken (Harris, 2005). 5. Court decision Court decisions can be summarised in the following quotes A twist offence has already been committed, the jurisdiction extends to enforcing public policy with respect to the consequences of the commission of that criminal offense, e.g. restraining receipt by the woeful of a further benefit as a result of or in connection with that crime. (Harris, 2005) In the course of his judgment Lord Woolf made some interesting observations on a amour which had not been the subject of argument either in the Court of charm or before the Vice-Chancellor. The point arose out of the amendments made to the state ment of claim in the course of the proceedings in the Court of Appeal. (Glanvill, 1967). 6. Analysis of the decision We can analyse from the decision that the courts these days strongly need to follow the rules and regulations. It is withal the duty of every individual to be liable to the terms settled during a specific contract. Maintainance of intrust is not something that can be attained by knowledge or study. By being called to something that mortal may not be ready for the two parties inner commitment and courage (Millett, 1998). 7. Conclusion fair play of relativity is somewhat belonging to the current case situation. This means that nothing is good or mentally ill until we make it good or bad with our actions. For instance, if

A current event in healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A current event in healthcare - assignment Example1990 cytosine levels by 2020, due to the fact that the greenhouse emissions from the states woodlands was underestimated during the formulation of this target. The promissory note which was formulated in 2006 to affirm the state reduce its hundred emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 had previously assumed that no net carbon emissions would come from the godforsaken lands (Gonzalez, Battles, Collins, Robards & Saah, 2015).Achieving the balance between the storage of carbon and its emissions to the atmosphere is commonly a difficult challenge. This is because, through growing vegetation, carbon is removed from the atmosphere. This in turn serves to reduce any incidence of climate change naturally. On the separate hand, burned or exsanguinous and decaying vegetation releases carbon to the atmosphere. This in turn increases the incidence of climate change (University of California, 2015). Therefore, the fact that the wild lands wil l always have decaying vegetation at any one particular time means that incidences of carbon emissions from the wild lands shall continue. Further, the dead and dried vegetation acts as fuel for wildfires, which when it burns the vegetation, releases a huge quantity of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.Thus, the new-fangled research seeking to quantify the amount of carbon gas emission that results from Californias wild land ecosystem has indicated that its forests has the potential of releasing a huge amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The forests acts as huge carbon reservoirs, and it was estimated that the quantity of carbon reservoir in the Californias forest is to the tune of 850 million wads (Gonzalez, Battles, Collins, Robards & Saah, 2015). Most especially, certain types of trees and vegetations were found to be the major reservoirs of carbon. For example, the redwood forests that is near Californias redwood National Park was found to hold more carbon reserv oirs on the ground per hectare, compared to any other ecosystem globally (Gonzalez,

Statistics Problems Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Statistics Problems - talk or Presentation ExampleEx A market research to identify the buying demeanour of the consumers in a particular market segment. As the research will have a cypher constraint, it will be impossible to conduct the survey among the entire population. Hence a representative sample distribution is selected to conduct the research.Ex Research to identify a cure for a fast spreading virus, such as the influenza virus. It is essential to conduct a quick diagnosis with a few infected patients (rather than all the infected patients) to come up with a cure, so that the virus is contained from spreading.34. Information from the American convey of Insurance indicates the mean amount of life insurance per household in the United States is $110,000. This distribution follows the chemical formula distribution with a archetype deviation of $40,000.32. A state meat inspector in Iowa has been prone the assignment of estimating the mean net weight of packages of ground chuck labeled 3 pounds. Of course, he realizes that the weights cannot be precisely 3 pounds. A sample of 36 packages reveals the mean weight to be 3.01 pounds, with a standard deviation of 0.03 pounds.34. A recent survey of 50 executives who were laid off from their previous position revealed it took a mean of 26 weeks for them to find another position. The standard deviation of the sample was 6.2 weeks. Construct a 95 percent confidence interval for the population mean. Is it reasonable that the population mean is 28 weeks? Justify your answer.46. As a condition of employment, Fashion Industries applicants must pass a drug test. Of the last 220 applicants 14 failed the test. devise a 99 percent confidence interval for the proportion of applicants that fail the test. Would it be reasonable to finish that more than 10 percent of the applicants are now failing the test? In addition to the scrutiny of

Death Sentence or Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

last Sentence or keen Punishment - Essay ExampleAfter watching the film, Dead Man Walking and reading virtually of Sister Helen Prejean, I believe that the mode of penalization is equally inhumane and has no place in the modern society as the discussion below portrays. The film introduces Mathew Poncelet, who has been in prison for six eld as he awaits execution by lethal injection for killing a couple. His life and experiences age on death row coupled with the actual execution portray the inhumane nature of the crime. Firstly, seat of government punishment is a form of retribution. Killing Poncelet for killing the couple is a form of vengeance engineered by the invoke. The process devalues human life and may not always have any moral benefits to the society. quite a little do not learn that killing is a vice since the state kills such offenders. Instead, the punishment shows the state using its laws to carry out an execution of its citizens. Furthermore, vengeance does not always gratify the families of the victims who continue financial support with the loss. Additionally, the process is traumatizing. Just as shown in the film, the process of killing a convict is slow and tedious. The convicts taking into custody on death row for years as they await their execution. Mathew Poncelet in the film stays in prison for six years as he awaits the process. The courts in the United States simply sentence a convict to death but never specify the date of the actual execution. Such court rulings be the height of torture and inhumane treatment of the convicts. Poncelet, for example, lives every day anticipating the execution. Six years is always a sufficient punishment for some other crimes in the country. As such, the process is like double punishment since the convicts live in solitary for long. Within the period, some lose their sanity as they anticipate the penalty. Death penalty prolongs the agony of both the victims families and that of the convict. Vict ims deserve effective and equally timely justice.

Program Theory - 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Program opening - 2 - Essay ExampleBesides social evils, the high appraise of unemployment especially among the fine-tunes could have guide to an increase in the dependency ratio meaning that earnings of those who ar employed would dwindle significantly because of many people relying on such people, which mean that there will be less economical activities (Rushe, 2013). According to Bhatia (2013) in the recent historic the issue of unemployment in the U.S featured prominently especially during the chivalric economic crisis which crippled the economy of the country and thereby affecting the financial performance of many institutions in the country. Subsequently, during this period, there was a massive job loss for many Americans and most of the companies were financially incapable of retaining the dissimilar jobs that it had previously offered. Paul (2013) further lamented that another significant fact that promotes unemployment in the U.S is the outsourcing of various jobs from various companies in the United States to other countries where the cost of labor is quoted as being low and there is an abundant allow for of qualified workers. For example, by outsourcing some of the jobs that could be done by American engineers to countries such as mainland China and India it means that American engineers will be futile to get employment opportunities and therefore, they will remain out of work because of the fact that American companies are keen on saving on cost. According to Rushe (2013), in the past two years, the economy of the country has made significant improvements and more Americans have been absorbed into the employment firmament thereby decreasing the severity of the problem. Despite of this improvement, the Bureau of Labor Statistics noted that as of August 2013, the rate of unemployment in the U.S stood at 7.3%, which is slightly above the average mark of 5.8%. Anyway, the significant drop is not a consolation prize because it still means t hat more than 12 million Americans are still unable to find gainful employment opportunities. Therefore, there is a warranted cause for seeking to find a tooth root to this problem because according to Rushe (2013), the figures released by the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics showed that 3.4 percent of engineers in the U.S have so out-of-the-way(prenominal) been unable to be employed. These significant levels of unemployment means that the government is also spending huge sums in compensable benefits to these people while it is also unable to generate additional revenues from the taxes that could have been paid by this sort out of people if they were employed. Therefore, the problem of unemployment in the U.S can be quantified with the amount the government is spending on air benefits to this group of people and the amount of income tax it is unable to generate from more 12 million Americans who are unemployed. The proposed solution / program theory In order to tackle the problem of unemployment in the U.S especially among graduate design students, this present study proposed a program theory that is employed an engineering student in USA. Under this theory, there is posed to be minimal government intervention and more in particular, engineering students will be looked upon to discharge this problem through their various initiatives or projects that not only solve societal

Benefits of Integrating Fossil and Molecular Data Essay - 6

Benefits of Integrating Fossil and Molecular Data - Essay ExampleAs explained by Neil Shubin, the accompaniment of hiccups is as a result of the brain generating some electrical signals. Amphibian brains generate similar hiccups because they helped them to check a steady opening of their gills. Since we are products of evolution, our brains still generate similar hiccups. Recent research indicates that the level of obesity incidences is on the rise. This is as a result of the change in lifestyles and eating habits among individuals. On a closer look, Neil Shubin claims that the genes of our bodies were made to adapt to the rather active life of hunting and gathering as contend to the relaxed modern living. Moreover, Shubin states that the evolution of the voice box has left many people vulnerable to breathing and swallowing problems. This is an version that cells of living organisms are not fully adapted to their environment hence they are still evolving. In the analysis of the m olecular structures, Shubin found out that somebody parts resembled those of the early life forms. For example, the fins of early amphibians showed the sort resemblance to those of the human hands. Also, a fossil of a fishs back-born indicated a resemblance to that of a human being. Neil Shubin further explained that our body cells function like bacteria and also our heads are organized in a similar manner to those of the jawless fish. This is a clear indication that human beings actually evolved from fish. use the integration of fossil and molecular data, Shubin has been able to criticize the religious beliefs of the existence of a supreme being. ascribable to evolution, about 300 genes designed for the smell in human beings has been rendered inutile. This prompted him to question the idea of the perfection of a Supreme Being claiming that if God is in existence, why would he create about 300 useless genes? Therefore, in the book Your inner fish,

Family Poll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Family Poll - Essay ExampleAs much as one would wish to have his/her decision to get married or not, some cultures have not option for that. They are very dictatorial in that, when the right time approaches, one has to get married. This primarily applies to the males.Slaves were not regarded in any way in the society. They held no rights therefore, their spousal relationship could not be recognise or rather respected. Depending on the motives of their masters, the slave masters could be given a go forth to oversee the ceremony, and rarely would the local minister be allowed to bind the couples. Its not yet decided where such a custom stemmed from, but whether in Africa or in foreign countries, it makes no difference. At first, the enslaved volume were traumatized about this, but after realizing that nothing actually changed they got used to it and they partially embraced as part of the custom.They knew that actually one day, it shall come to surpass. On the another(prenominal) hand, regarding the marriage between African-American couples, we cannot stop the culture started from the white world, since most of the niggers from the white world were sired by slaves during the early times and from that such people were incorporated into that society and now here they are. It therefore still makes no difference considering their reservoir they still bear the label of slaves. This will therefore, always contradict with the traditional rituals that are deemed sacred on matters pertaining to marriage. Culture or rather traditional rituals can be amended to suit one interest, as at the present moment it is not very much respected.The concept of ownership in marriage life is very fundamental in peoples marriage life. People rejoice and observe they are really married when they are bind by their culture which they themselves have implemented. In other words, how would one feel when ruled or governed by your own

The Primacy of the Fifth Discipline Research Paper

The Primacy of the Fifth Discipline - Research Paper ExampleWith globalization and advanced technology prying the world open to all, change has happened and grown so fast that business has to go scurrying than change to be ahead and stay in front of the competition. But moving faster would mean discarding old habits and practices because of fiercer competition and advances in technology. It is no longer practicable to be following the like old procedures. What is needed, according to Garvin (2008), is a new attitude or a new posture towards learning. What is needed, make up Kouzes and Posner (1991), is a new model fit for the world. What is needed is a learning organization (Senge, 1990). ...Hence, his advocacy for the espousal or the mastery of the five disciplines of learning organizations. Systems Thinking. Systems thinking is a theoretical framework that views business and man activity as parts of a larger network, and which are in fact, in themselves, made up of such diff erent parts that are interconnected to form a whole. Systems thinking is the cornerstone of Senges (1990) five disciplines, putting the other four in an interconnected web or network to farm a learning and dynamic organization. Senge suggests the adoption of this systems framework as a frame of mind in order to solve complex problems caused by the actions and reactions of different parts against each other. Systems thinking in termination advocates viewing the whole rather than the soulfulness parts. Personal Mastery. Even as Senge pushes strongly for a macro-view of things, he does not abandon the examination of the single parts. In fact, he recommends the development of the individual to the point of his level best proficiency so he can exhibit his best self in his chosen craft. Senge admonishes the individual member of the organization to never lose the initiative and the desire to be a learning individual in order to gain such mastery. He suggests for the individual to cont inually clarify and deepen his face-to-face vision and focus his energies towards bringing out his full potential as a member of his organization. Senge thinks that for this face-to-face mastery to be developed as a discipline, it must be encouraged, and in fact facilitated, by the organization by creating an environment where the individual can fully develop.

The Reasons that American Women Choose Abortion rather than Adoption Research Paper

The Reasons that American Women use up Abortion rather than Adoption - Research Paper ExampleIn the US, however, it seems that all the debates were directed towards, legalizing abortions and with child(p) women mandate to handle their own lives. Policymakers, on the other hand, advocate for the abolition of abortion, if the country has to plan its future tense appropriately. In America, most women seem to exercise their right to make personal decisions in relation to having abortions or not. Whether legal or not, what is evident is that abortion is taking place for each one and every day in the society. Regardless of age, women opt to have abortions, just with the slightest thought that their lives may end up being miserable.This bear witness shall highlight the major factors that lead to many women in the U.S.A. going for abortions rather than adoption. The research will be based on evidence from reliable and valid sources. The research will also focus on research conducted by CDC and the Alan Guttmacher Institute, on abortion in the U.S.A. Conclusively, the paper shall offer a concluding abide by on the need to focus more on adoption issue, and whether it can solve the rising abortion cases.The issue of abortion has hit the headlines for a long time now. Various analysts and researchers hold varying masss regarding this topic. Studies designate that in America, the numbers of women who seek the abortion is increasing by the day. Whether induced, forced or lured into conducting abortions, the fact rest that abortion is not on its way towards reduction but moves up the ladder as each day passes. From a study, on a number of women in The United States of America, the majority of the women embrace the view that conducting abortions is not murder but just elimination of tissue that is not yet developed.

SEO content for a web site selling custom trailers Essay

SEO content for a net site selling custom punchs - Essay ExampleThis is intended to bring closer selected medical examination service to distributed biotic community argonas not accessible to wellness services. Lately, some hospital functions were devolved to diagnostic medical health liquid clinics like dental services, x-ray, blood, HIV, pregnancy, malaria and urine tests, MRI imaging, and other possible medical services are now made conveniently available to the public through customized mobile medical trailers.Mobile medical exam trailers are a necessity in far-flung community areas where first-rated hospitals are remote from community and health services that are difficult to avail of. A mobile medical exam trailer should have laboratory and diagnostic medical testing capability with a minimum of three doctors and 9 nurses. It is important that a medical diagnostic mobile trailer accommodate around 1,000 patients per week much or less. With a mobile medical exam trailer, selected medical services can now make do certain medical health needs of remote communities.Thus, if your community local officials are to purchase a mobile medical trailer to service their constituents, here are some pointers on how to select a customized mobile medical exam trailer. Customized mobile medical exam trailer must have these prefatory health servicesMedical Imaging equipments are expensive to acquire and install. These also need more(prenominal) spacious room to get them installed. So depending on the allocated budget, proponents or those who willing be responsible in setting up and operating a mobile medical diagnostic and laboratory trailer will have to check on what their budget can afford. For cheaper options, you may choose to merely have a single health service independent Mobile trailer like providing only a mobile Ophthalmology Clinic or an independent Dental Care Mobile Clinic within the community.Regardless of the constraints, it is highly recommended t hat any far-flung community that is remote from any prime medical hospital or

Understanding Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Understanding Research - Essay ExampleThe entrepreneurs need to use their take in mental model to interpret their business environment and floriculture of the area before they commit. For a inauguration to succeed in the long term, it must be able to scale up. Many studies have been conducted on startup succeeder in the Tampa bay region to establish major factors that bring about their success and motivation to exist.The business environment and culture in the Tampa Bay is not contributing(prenominal), the region lacks more last net worth individuals to aid in writing more seed-stage checks to their startups. There should be lots of gold to encourage and grow startup culture in any given region. Tampa Bay has an acclivitous culture of innovation that tries to take hold as more individuals seek to pursue business dreams from scratch however, the break down is soon thwarted due to lack of startup money. Many businesses then transfer to other locations with conducive business c ulture and environment. The region needs to create a startup community so as to survive.This kind of research is an applied research it aims at solving a practical problem. The research looks into the startup community of Tampa Bay in order to come up with a business culture that helps purify the human condition. The research aims at discovering some solution for the pressing practical problem, unfavorable startup community. It has in general used observational research methods. Under this category, the research has specifically used case study. The research waterfall into this category because it has no clearly defined research question and problem.The research recognizes that even though the emerging startup community in the region exudes enthusiasm, it still has big concerns about its long-term viability as a serious hub for entrepreneurs. It maintains that businesses should embrace basic rules of entrepreneurship in order to succeed. Entrepreneurs need not regret

Critical Perspectives on Management and Organisations Essay - 2

faultfinding Perspectives on Management and Organisations - Essay ExampleIt is also common that older people happen to be steadfast in their habits and have consistency in many things because of their firm beliefs and ideas. They are usually non flexible, and their temperaments are not adaptable for the changing situations and in most of the cases they are not creative (Merriam Webster, 2015). financial burden on people is increasing continuously and women have to work with their male counterparts to earn a living. If women are not given their due share of jobs that are available in the market, if they are not given promotions in their organizations or if they are expelled on the basis of their gender this sexism can give pass over to a number of social and economic issues. The financial situation of country has much to do with the former(a) fields and areas of the country. The whole social, cultural, industrial, technological, even religious and spiritual prospects of the collect ive community and personal lives of people pass away affected (Nauert, 2010).When females do not keep jobs because they are women, they face many psychological issues. These issues may get aggravated with the passage of time alongwith the perceptions of women regarding the prevailing gender equality in golf-club change. This may spend a penny a kind of psyche in which they consider themselves victimized and in turn they start persuasion alienated and they start taking themselves in society whose self-esteem is not considered important and their sense of peril is developed.They may experience anxiety and undue pressure because of the society which regards males to be professionally strong in comparison to females. A male-dominant environment can get evolved which can have a profound tinge on the society. The problems raised by such issues have exerted a profound impact on the society and feminist movements are a reflection of this fact.

Critical Response on One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essay Example for Free

Critical Response on One Flew Over The Cuckoos populate EssayThere have been many struggles in history between sureness and those who oppose it. The around obvious and most common example is revolutions against g all overnments. We live in a society where stability and socialisation are not just recommended, but as well as enforced. We have the right for civil disobedience, so dogged as it is non-violent and within reason. In the book, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, R.P McMurphy, a brawling, gambling man enters a cordial asylum in Oregon, and begins to wage war on behalf of his fellow inmates. However he finds himself at betting odds with Nurse Ratched, a hard, manipulative and methodical woman who runs the ward like a precision-made machine. The book follows McMurphys actions that ceaselessly clash with the Nurse, and what she represents authority. By the end of the book, on that point are many examples of struggles against the higher power, and it is in my opinion t hat the averment when authority and individuals come into conflict, authority always wins out is incorrect, because individuals do not have to win the corporal conflict to win the battle of brains.From day one, the reviewer finds that McMurphy is out to cause trouble. Gambling is illegal in the ward, but McMurphy declares that he was sent to the institution to bring the inpatients some fun an entertainment around the turn table(p. 16). He starts interrupting daily meetings, which the Nurse treats with much importance. And whenever he is reprimanded for something, he laughs. The laughing is the most burning(prenominal) conk out of his self-defence, as it is the only legal way he can fight back against authority. It is a image of defiance, and a sign of McMurphys freedom. It shows that, no matter what the institution does to him, he even has his mental independence.As the reader progresses further on in the story, McMurphy makes a bet that he can get the Nurses goat. When he fi nds he has no ward-clothes (p. 79), he runs around in a towel, threatening to drop it at times, while the crazy Nurse tries, in vain, to make him get dressed. Then, the same morning, he takes bets on his accuracy about throwing butter at the clock (p. 85). McMurphy wants to watch the earth Series, and takes a take from all the saner patients. While all of them vote to watch it, the Nurse shuts theidea down, even when McMurphy gets the majority. When airing on television (p. 114), he stops figure and proceeds to turn on the television, sit down, and watch the game.When the rest of the men decide to stop control and join him, and the Nurse turns the power off, they continue to watch, just to show that her power and authority has nothing over them. This is an example of individuals fighting against authority. They might not be successful in the sure world (having to go in clothes, not being able to watch the baseball game), but inside theyre freer than theyve ever been out fron t. Being downtrodden and strict by the Nurse forced them to become lessThings begin to grow bigger and more(prenominal) important as the story progresses. McMurphy realizes that his release is dependent on his good behavior, and tones down his obnoxious acts. However, he calm down finds that Nurse Ratched is going to keep him in the hospital for as farsighted as she wants. He tries to be subdued, and in doing so, another rebellious inmate called Cheswick, who had tried very hard to be like McMurphy, kills himself, because he thinks that McMurphy has been defeated (p. 136).Nurse Ratched sees the change in McMurphy, and to gain total control of the ward, she demands penance for the insubordination during the World Series. McMurphy smiles and nods, but destroys the glass that separates the nurses room from the ward, to show his true feelings (p. 155). He excuses himself, saying that the window was so brand-new an span that he completely forgot it was there. This shows how he is sta nding up to authority, and while he doesnt change anything in the real world, it shows the inmates and himself that inside they are free.Part III describes McMurphys fishing expedition. He takes the men on an excursion on a fishing boat, much against the Nurses wishes, but by tricking the doctor to come along, he succeeds. While there is not much about Nurse Ratched in that part, Chief Bromden, the narrator of the story, notices that the Combine is working on the outside too with commuters and houses and children (p. 186). He had been in the ward for about 20 years, and a lot had credibly passed since he was younger. However, this glimpse into society makes them realize that they (as patients) arent as monotonous as this, and they can be more free than they are already.Within a week of the trip, Nurse Ratched is ready with her new plan. She tries to show McMurphy as a con man, stealing and wining money from all the patients. But she is shocked to discover that all the patients were knowing to lose that money, as they enjoyed themselves, and werent using it for anything else anyway. After a few more instances of insurgence (McMurphy and Bromdens fight with the ply p. 215 continuous interruptions to ward procedures p. 229), the closing insurrection came McMurphys party.McMurphy organizes for two of his friends to come to the ward for a party that would also serve as his breakout. After a great night, everyone falls asleep, and in the morning, the day-staff came before anyone can conflagrate up in time. After searching for Billy Bibbit, and finding him unashamed of his actions the previous night, the Nurse gives him a guilt trip, threatening to tell his mother, and then locking him in the wards doctors room. Billy commits suicide, and the Nurse tries to blame it on McMurphys lack of respect for authority.Realising that any chances of surviving are ruined, and that his battle with authority is now at its final stage, McMurphy sacrifices himself (and consequen tly his mental-independence) by oncominging Nurse Ratched, exposing her as a vulnerable woman, and destroying any sense of authority and control she had left over the patients. This is the final action between two desperate factions the authority and the autonomy. The confrontation ends with McMurphy being captured, but because the other patients see the nurse as a woman, and not as the controlling Nurse, she can never have the same control over them as she had previously had.McMurphy is lobotomized, but before the ward can see him in his vegetable-like state, Chief Bromden smothers him with a pillow, and then breaks down a border to freedom. The patients never get to see McMurphy as a vegetable, so their last memory of him alive is his attack on the Nurse. McMurphy is remembered as a symbol of resistance, and as a hero against the authority that had cowed the patients for so long.I believe that McMurphy shows the reader that while the authority may be able to make you conform, you can still remain free inside, which is more important than anything else on earth. Because it is against nationalregulations to take away freedom, and as long as you have your sanity and your mental independence, nothing can beat you.

The Importance of Dreams in The Death of a Salesman Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Dreams in The Death of a Salesman EssayThe play essentially portrays The American fancy, how it can wager and also how sometimes it doesnt. The American inspiration represents how if a man is willing to work delicate all his demeanor, he will get some where. Willie, a husband and father of two, has worked strenuous all his life, precisely now, ancient and tired wonders where his promised fortunes are. He lies to his family closely his hold, and dreams about his glorious past, in a glorified style. Willie is just an ordinary family man trying to survive in America, he is a distinctive man with nonhing special about him, and he has never done anything special which any opposite man couldnt do. He thinks however if he works hard enough he will light up something of himself, just as his brother Ben did. The stage tries to illustrate the point that there are many hands in Willies situationPop, Im a dime a dozen and so are you.This is autobiographical in a sense as Miller changed environments during the depression and found how hard his father had to work and didnt score much.Dont say hes a great man. Willy Loman never made a lot of money. His name was never in the paper. Hes non the finest character that ever lived. But hes a human being, and a terrible thing is hazard to him. So attention must be paid. Hes not to be allowed to fall into his grave like an old dog. Attention, attention must finally paid to such a person.The story of his brother making a fortune really drives him to work harder, his brother is seen in many of his dreams, it is one of his most vivid dreams, and conflicting any other is repeated throughout the story, Willie is first drawn in by the American dream because he sees how it can work in Ben, he idolizes him to such an extent that he cant esteem much of what he says justWhen I was seventeen, I walked into the jungle. And by twenty-one, I walked out. And by God, i was mystifyingWillie is old and going senile, he cant come to ground with why he cant take hold more money and how others around him are. He thinks that the easy liked will get further than those that arent well liked, we can see this in how he thinks his son will get further in life than his neighbors son. We see this in a dream of his past, but as the story moves back into the future we run into who actually achieves in life.Willie doesnt like his neighbor and in the past regularly talks down about him but as time moves on he dep depots on him, he borrows money off Charlie and doesnt pay him back. Willie is to proud to let anyone function him, when his Charlie asks if he needs help he is quick to refuse the asseverate of a job, even though he needs it.Dreams are used as a way of comparing the past and the future. Willie uses it to compare how great everything was and how bright the future was, the reader also sees this. pull in the past is portrayed as a strong leader with an ambition, this is shown as him as the Football maitre d and trying to get into college. In the present he is shown in a completely distinguishable light, he is unemployed and doesnt recognise what he wants to do with his life.Willy also uses his dreams to relive the things he did wrong, he feels guilty and blames himself for how Biff turned out. After Biff found out about the affair he loses his ambition and calls Willie a fake, Willie sees some truth in this and is hurt. He always exaggerates about how much people like him we know this by how he confides in his wife about how he thinks people laugh at him. happen and Biff both see Willies dream as manse of him going senile and want to help him, Linda on the other hand has accepted it and just wants to get on with life, she sees it as him coming to terms with their current situation, this is a bad thing however as she is just fueling his dream and not letting him give up, she is caught up in Willies lies, she also doesnt allow Biff to show Willy what he is doing . In trying to help she is destroying, this is ironic as the mother is usually thought to be the creator and nurturer.The story shows how time changes and breaks a man, if Willy loman of the past and present were switched they would not be able to survive, the present Willy loman would never be able to be the idol Biff and Hap loved. They are in essence two different people. Biff through time has also changed considerably, hap once behind Biff in everyway has worked hard and is now ahead of Biff in how much he earns.Willy takes the American dream in a totally different light as Biff, Willy thinks that by operative hard he will burn down the ladder and earn money, the money making him happy, Biff on the other hand doesnt enjoy working hard and moving up in the business world, he instead finds happiness working impertinent(a) earning just enough to get by. Biff can see past the riches Ben has acquired, which Willie is striding for and knows not everyone is as lucky as he isTo suff er fifty weeks a year for the sake of a two-week vacation.He can see how much his father has worked for the dream but looks beyond that and knows Willie is working for the wrong dreamHe had the wrong dreams. All, all wrong.After Willy dies we see the two brothers, one following in his fathers footsteps and winning the exact same route, maybe culminating in another finish and Biff ready to work outside after seeing the tragedy of the American dream. Hap is starting to live the American dream but is already starting to see its flawsMy own apartment, a car, and plenty of women, and still, goddamit, Im lonely.Willie ultimate aim is to life the end of his life a success, he wants to die like Ben. He views Ben as his Idol, near the end of his life, he can see his dream being unreachable and suicide is close to his mindHe died the death of a salesman, in his green velvet slippersAfter many years of hard work Willie in the end understands how misguided his efforts really were, he realizes the only way for him to rectify the situation is by putting to death himself.After all the highways, and the trains, and the years, you end up worth more dead than alive.Before he does so he plants some seeds, even though he knows the land is infertile as a sign that maybe one day his sons may achieve where he failed, effort is worth nothing if its not well placed.

Human Resources Management in Business Essay Example for Free

Human Resources Management in problem EssayHuman resources de split upment is a ramify of military control that deals with its staff. The department is seen as part of strategical management, in the effort to make the goals of the business, and is crucial to the businesss success. Some of the human resources departments responsibilities include be cured _or_ healedment, retention, selection, occupancy outburst/enrichment, demand and leadership, job fiber allocations, didactics, and payroll appraisals. The departments decisions atomic number 18 influenced by, however, internal electric outlets for work force endning. One of the issues could be the cost of its operations. The business would want to minimize cost, so any decisions made by Human resources should be cost- impelling. An other(a) issue could be the come withs business strategy, for example when the political party want to expand, the Human resources department would have to recruit to a greater extent(p renominal) employees if the company wants to cut costs and increase profit, the department would have to consider reducing the number of staff. It is besides responsible for training current employees for any upstart equipments. There argon withal external brokers that postulate how workforce planning is carried out.These external factors include government actions that affect the business purlieu. For example, the government arsehole put down innovative minimum wages that would increase the Human resources departments spending on wages payment. The education website of the coun tense green goddess in bring inition affect Human resources, as education is the means that workers gain their skills without reasoned education, Human resources wouldnt be able to recruit highly skilled workers without paying large salaries or recruit foreign nationals. An substantial external factor is the economic situation of the economy.If unemployment rates argon high, Human resources would be able to recruit new employees much easier and cheaper than when the economy is in boom, which charters roil much expensive. The age ranges of the bray force place affect Human resources decisions, since they dont want to recruit too old of employees who ar breathing out to retire soon. The business a lot convictions want to a greater extent young employees who can potentially contribute to the company for a coherent period of time, and can likewise be more innovative. Another external factor is technology advancements, as this may result in the introduction of new equipments into the company.The Human resources department would and then have to organise training for their current staff to enable them to work with the newly acquired machineries. There are many benefits to Human Resources planning. One of the c drop to important decision of the Human Resources department is to activate staff. This can be done by means of promotions, training, and rewards. Anot her benefit is that Human Resources help import important skills into the business through the process of recruitment. Human Resources would compose a recruitment process that selects the near peck for the business.Without a Human Resources department, a firm cannot efficiently recruit employees that they pick up. Also, the department helps the business plan the right number of workers. They lease sure that there are no redundancy or shortages of labour in the company, and if there is any, Human Resources would fix this either by cutting or recruiting staff. Human Resources department also ensures smooth operations in regards to labour management. This means they curb sure that employees arrive when they are needed, and are allocated to the right tasks, and that each workers know their role within the business.In addition, they resolve whatever arguments that may renegade between the workers and company management, making sure that the employees are wakeful of company regulat ions, and that management are clear of their workers conditions. Finally, the Human Resources department ensures that no laws are broken in regards to labour employment. For example, the recruitment process essential not violate discrimination laws. All necessary laws are briefed to staff to ensure no unlawful activities are conducted within the company.Before selecting staff for any set, key skills needed for that particular job need to be identified, creating a list of criteria for candidate selection. British profit is one of the largest provider of sugar products in the UK. Their Human Resources department has been directed to recruit three new output autobuss, as part of the companys refinement project in China. The Human Resources department has identified the key skills for a potential end product autobus Confidence the manager needs to be confident in handling large responsibilities, whether it be run into production deadlines, ensuring worker prophylactic etc.The y need confidence to be able to fudge critical actions, taking the initiative without too much dependence on higher directives. As they direct the production process, confidence is also needed for negotiating with suppliers, making the best deals for the factory. Technical skills a production manager has to be sufficiently knowledgeable about the production technology of their factory, to be able to understand and resolve skillful problems should they arise. Technical knowledge of a manager does not have to be detailed, but must be sufficient to issue correct directives to the factorys engineer force.High technical skills is preferred, as the manager pull up stakes be more liable(predicate) to be innovative in improving production methods of the firm. Communication skills a good production manager is able to communicate to all different divisions of the company. They are quick to absorb reading from different levels of the company, whether it be top management or floor workers, and then provide quick and effective feedback. Communication skills are crucial in a manager, as it helps him ensure the coordination between different elements of the company.Problem-solving skills the production manager should be able to independently deal with problems within their factory. They leave be extremely resourceful in coordinating factory or company-level efforts to solve problems. This requires an intelligent person that can improvise upon their resources to damage-control and change the problem and put the factory back onto its original course. Motivating staff is an important part of company operation, as it ensure the employees do their best and be juicy while working for the company.There is a variety of reasons why employees would want to work harder in their working environment. Such reasons could be money, bonuses, power, working with friends, hearty aspects of work, the need to provide for family, promotion, team work, and promotion. Frederick Taylors su rmisal of motivation simply stated that all workers are worked by money. This means that in order to purify motivate employees, the employer simply moreover has to raise their pay, and this would make them work harder. Taylor introduced the Theory of Scientific Management, which said that workers are naturally lazy and need close supervisions and control.The guess also says that managers should break down work to the artlessst tasks to their employees. Workers also need adequate training and equipment to set their simple tasks as efficiently as possible, then they would be compensable according to the amount of products they had stickd. The possibleness is often applied in mass production lines which involves repetitive tasks. Elton Mayo later introduced a new theory of motivation of his own. He believed that money is only part of the workers concern, and social needs are more important in motivating workers at their work place.Mayo published the Human telling take of thou ght, which encourage managers to focus more on social interactions between workers. Mayo went further in his studies and conducted his own experiment at the Hawthorne factory in Chicago. From these series of experiments, he concluded that although physical conditions worsened, they do not affect the productivity of the Hawthorne workers. Instead, social factors such(prenominal) as demote communication between workers and managers, better involvement in employees lives from their manager, and team work was what meliorated productivity levels.In the 1950s, Abraham Maslow introduced the Neo-Human Relation school of thought. This new theory focus on the employees psychological needs, which are structured into five different levels of needs. The theory says that once a lower level of needs is satisfied, would then the worker could be motivated by an upper level of needs. These levels of needs in lower to higher order are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualisation respectively. Managers also need to realise that each worker moves up this ladder at a different pace, and therefore might need different sets of incentives from worker to worker.In monetary-related type of motivations, the most common motivation is salaries and wages. Salaries are what permanent employees are paid monthly or annually. Wages, on the other hand, is what is paid to workers per hour they have worked. These can motivate the employees, for the harder they work, the more they would earn. A piece rate arrangement is when an employee is paid a fixed rate for each unit of production In other words, they are paid by results, which motivate them to achieve better results. Commission and fees are similarly dependent on the results of the workers.Commission is a percentage of the sale revenue, and fees are fixed amounts that are earned after sale. The more the employee sells, the more commission or fees they get, motivating them to sell more. Fringe ben efits are any non-wage payment or benefit such as pension plans, profit-sharing programs, vacation pay, and company-paid life, health, and unemployment insurance. Having these extra benefit with their jobs can make the employees timbre more secure and work harder. Performance-related pay or pay by performance is money paid relating to how well the employee works.This would motivate them by giving them knowledge that the better they perform in their field, the better their judgement would be and the more they would be paid. Profit sharing is another elbow room of motivating staff, it consists of a plan that gives employees a share in the profit of the company. Each employee receives a percentage of those profit establish on the companys earnings. This makes staff work harder, wise to(p) the more their company earns, the more they would get in shared profit. luck ownership is when employees who have worked in the company for a long time are given part of the business as shares.T hese shares would give the employees power, and they get to take part deciding how the company is run. Other than financial motivations, there are non-financial ones that could supercharge motivation while costing minimal for the business. Job redesign involves restructuring the elements including tasks, duties and responsibilities of a specific job in order to make it more encouraging and inspiring for the employees. Job enlargement is primaryally increasing the employees work load, so that they feel more responsible and work harder.Job whirling is when employees are moved between two or more jobs in a planned manner. The purpose of this is to expose the employees to different experiences and wider variety of skills to enhance job satisfaction and to cross-train them. Job enrichment is a variation of job enlargement. Job enrichment adds new sources of job satisfaction by giving the employee additional authority, autonomy, and control over the way the job is accomplished. Team wo rk is a Cooperative effort by the members of a aggroup or team to achieve a common goal.Working in a team may motivate employees to do better to fulfill their part on the team. External link for employees motivating can be found here http//www. forbes. com/sites/glennllopis/2012/06/04/top-9-things-that-ultimately-motivate-employees-to-achieve/ The fundamental method which British Sugar would use to motivate their staff is to make them feel safe. Feeling safe would clear the employees minds from external worries, helping them to focus more on their tasks and try harder to achieve. This method would include providing their employees with adequate facilities to work in.This means that British Sugars factories and offices would to the most basic safety regulations such as fire safety, electrical safety, and protection from hazardous conditions inside their factories. British Sugar would also make sure that their facilities have appropriate security measures to protect employees and the ir possessions safe. This method of motivation is one of the most basic levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Another method that British Sugar uses is providing extra employee benefits beside their regular salaries and wages. They would give company cars for manager and directors, along with renounce O2 mobile phones.British Sugar also looks after their employees by providing them with free health care in the form of free check-ups with company nurse, eyesight tests and glasses, and subsidised scheme with AXA. Families of employees can also know company benefits with provided child vouchers and team meals for spouses. British Sugars factory workers are also provided with free safety work wear. There are numerous other benefits that employees can enjoy working for British Sugar, which includes sports clubs, gym facilities, free parkingetc. A popular method of motivation from Taylors school of thought is recognition.British Sugar would give out tokens of appreciation and to recogn ise employees/teams that have made a significant contribution over and above that reasonably expected. Company managers would award their employees with vouchers, meals, bouquet of flowers, or bottles of wine to boost their work morale. Long Service Awards are given to employees with significant length of service. Annual bonuses of ? 400, ? 600, ? 800, and ? 900 are given to employees who have served 20, 30, 40, or 45 years in the company respectively. British Sugar also use chances of promotion to encourage their employees.This is a process known as internal recruitment. When a position is open, employees are often promoted to fill the position instead of recruiting new people externally. This keeps the employees motivated to work harder, knowing there are chances of future promotion. Another method of motivation used by British Sugar is performance management. Performance management is a proactive and continuous process of communicating and elucidative role responsibilities, perf ormance expectations and priorities in order to ensure mutual understanding between managers and employees.To ensure the proper cognitive operation of the business, British Sugar would have to maintain a high level of cooperation and satisfaction in its employees. making employees cooperate would increase productivity, reduce labour turnover, and make sure that they can maintain the quantity and graphic symbol of work they are capable of. One of the methods of doing this is by communication. This method involves staying in touch with the staff to make sure they are updated with company information.When staff have the information that they need for their job, they will be more likely to be oriented towards their tasks, and be able to do it correctly and more efficiently. Communication with employees can be done by many means. It includes emails, which are quick, efficient, and reliable. Face-to-face communication is an important form of communication, often in the form of meetings however it has time and distance limitations , for example a manager might not have the time to see all of his employees to talk about new policies, while he could just send them all an email.There are other methods such as telephone calls, which can be made easily over long distance or face-time technology that allows employees to communicate despite the long distance. Another way of improving employees cooperation and commitment in the business is making them more involved in it. In British sugar, this is know as the persona circle. British Sugar would engage its employees group discussions, where groups of workers meet and discuss the good and bad side of the issues that they face. The employees would try to resolve their problems together, and discuss ways to improve how they work and how the company works.This method generates a feeling of involvement, employees would feel that they are a contributing part of a team, and therefore view their work more positively and become mor e inclined to cooperate with other employees as well as the company managers. Clear employment contracts also help boost staff cooperation and commitment. A clear contract would have to explicitly explain the details of the job, such as explaining the roles and duties that the employee is expected to carry out, along with the hours of work required.The business would also need clearly identified procedures such as disciplinary policies or grievance policies. A clear pay structure that explains basic time as well as overtime is essential. All of these will reduce arguments in the company, enabling more efficiency and cooperation within the business. Motivational methods are a way of getting more cooperation from staff. Motivated employees would perform better while feeling better about their prospects than demotivated ones, therefore cooperating more in their work.Similarly, training and unselfishness links should also be used to boost the morale of workers. Training would increase the employees motivation and performance, as well as human activities such as helping out the local community. A well-motivated workforce with high morale is more likely to cooperate with the company and to each other. The culture of the business itself will also affect how its employees cooperate. If the company has a culture of cooperation and an atmosphere of teamwork, then the employees are more likely to have more cooperation in their work.Training in a large organisation such as British Sugar is carried out extensively. An example of British Sugars training operation is their Graduate scheme, a scheme in which British Sugar finds apprentice in universities. The company would offer university graduates a period of vocational training, with the assurance of a job at the end of their training, in addition to have year-long job placements for engine room students. British Sugar also organises over 1000 training courses e rattling year involves all levels from older managers to new apprentices and our seasonal workers.The company encourages its sites to play an active role in local communities through media visits, schools activities, coarse and environmental events. British Sugar have regular dialogues with leading and local non-government organisations. They also organise sponsorships and charitable funds, allocated to their employee fundraising activities through a Supporting YOU to support others programme. Measuring the workforce can be done by a number of ways. This is generally looking at the key indicators in the business workforce such as labour productivity, health and safety, labour turnover and slayeeism.Labour productivity is how much the workers produce in terms of goods and services per hour worked. In the business, it can be measured by looking at the efficiency of individual or teams. However, this method should be used with cation, be crusade there are factors that could affect labour productivity such as the age of machinery, type of s ector that the business is in or whether production is automated or labour-intensive. If machineries are old, they wouldnt be able to produce as much, therefore being the cause of low labour productivity. A business in the secondary sector would be moreproductive than one in the tertiary sector since manufacturing makes more products than service. Similarly, a business that has automated production will be much more productive than one with labour-intensive production, since machines are able to mass produce more products than individual workers. A business can try to improve labour productivity by using motivational tools such as bonuses. Training can also be used to add productivity to workers, and business plans help staff work more efficiently. The business can also procure new equipments to improve productivity of their workers.Another measurement is health and safety. As it is one of the motivational factor, the quality of health and safety at the workplace can affect the sta ff. The better the health and safety standard, the better the staff will perform. The business must consider the possible causes of poor health and safety, such as poor equipment, dangerous environment and also the poor training in the matter. Labour turnover can also be used to measure a companys workforce. Labour turnover is the proportion of staff release the business over a period of time, usually each year.A company can lose their staff due to de-motivation, retirement, social factors, better opportunity elsewhere ,or that the employee wants to start their won business. Staff sledding can also be involuntarily as their positions become redundant or they are dismissed due to performance. A high labour turnover is generally not good because it spawns many problems such as the loss of productive capacity, the costs and the time taken to recruit new staff, and the extra training and induction programmes to new employees.However, new staff can bring benefits such as introduction o f new ideas to the business, or more efficient workers. Absenteeism is another measurement to the companys workforce, as it tells managers how much their staff go on break from work. This can be a substantial problem for the business, because production output will injure if employees are absent, projects will run into delays, and the quality of products affected due to the lack of staff. There are many other costs associated with absent staff, such as sick pay, and temporary staff pay, which is often expensive.Absenteeism also cause de-motivation in the business, as other employees will have to take the work load of the absent employees. To lower the level of absenteeism, the business can issue fines to absent staff, improve the safety of the work environment so staff would want to be at work, and improve their motivational methods. British Sugar uses a range of performance indicators to evaluate and improve their performance. SMART targets are a set of criteria that are based on the specific words specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-specific.These criteria are applied in the process of making goals and objectives, to maximize the business chances of obtaining them. Punctuality is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time. Attendance is the frequency with which a person is present. An appraisal system, or performance management, is a proactive and continuous process of communicating and clarifying role responsibilities, performance expectations and priorities in order to ensure mutual understanding between managers and employees.It is very effectual as it is both a motivational strategy and a review system where mangers can assess their employees. The appraisal system would fulfill the employees social and recognition needs according Maslow theories, motivating to work harder to achieve more and be more recognised. The system is not without flaws, however. The appraisal system can be very costly, requiring a lot of administrative work, and is time-consuming. It is also exposed to favouritism. Managers can tend to trust and praise both(prenominal) employees more than others, causing distrust discontentment among team members.

A Study Of Anatomy And Psychology Essay Example for Free

A Study Of fig And Psychology EssayThe procedure in lifting the leg to climb a stair is a entangled one which involves a huge amount of technology inter-transfer between the brain and the eventual skeletal go through. at that place is initiation of the movement at the brain which is transmitted via specialized white vulcanized fiber tracts to the hip flexors via the mediate spinal anaesthesia cord, involving a very complex mechanism at the cellular levelThe initiation of the physical process is at the motor cortex (Ms I) of the brain. The primary motor area is located at the precentral gyrus of the window dressing lobe. The area controlling the motion of the lower limbs lies towards the superior surface of the brain. Wi svelte this area lies the cell proboscis of the primary nerve cell. These neurons are known as upper motor neurons (UMN). These UMNs receive modulating impulse from the inputs from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia via the extrapyramidal pathways. The se tracts tone up the gross movement initiated at the frontal cortex. In turn these areas are modulated by receptive signals from ascending spino cerebellar, and spino-thalamic pathways.The complex the signal initiated at the nucleus of the cell body is transmitted electronically via the axon of the myelinated neuron via the mode of salutatory conduction. The myelin sheath which surrounds the axon of nerves that involve fast transport, breaks at intermediate regions known as Nodes of Ranvier. The electrical impulse moves in a jumping manner at these nodes nerve transmission as a neural impulse, generated by the formation of a nerve follow out potential. Like all excitable tissue, nerves maintain a resting membrane potential that is the difference of potency across the membrane of the neuron. In neurons this value is 70 mV.This voltage difference is maintained by the Na/K pump on the membranes. This impulse generated at the axon hillock is transmitted via the depolarizing phase which allows atomic number 11 ions ingress into cells via opening of the Na channels. This entry of Na in one portion allows activation of opposite Na channels, causing depolarization of the adjacent region of the neuron. Subsequently repolarization occurs via the opening of K channels, which restores the membrane potential. and so this process continues which allows the transmission of impulse. Many such nerves together descend as the descending cortico spinal tract in the pyramidal system, which travels through the midbrain into the spinal cord, decussating at the level of midbrain( 90% of the fibres decussating and forming the squint-eyed spinothalamic tract) and again at the level of spinal cord ( the other 10%, forming the anterior spinothalamic tract) . It is the former which is prudent for the lower limb movements. The cortico-spinal tract travels in the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord public treasury the lumbar level where they synapse with the spinal ventral root neuron (lower motor neuron). A single post-synaptic neuron receives signals from many neurons.At the axon terminal, the reference of impulses leads to release of neurotransmitters, which are stored in specialized vesicles. The released Ach diffuses into the synaptic split and binds with receptors on the post synaptic membrane to produce excitatory post synaptic potentials. This leads to generation and propagation of impulse in nerves which are destined to provide the neuro-muscular junction. At the neuro-muscular junction, Ach is released, which diffuses into the synovial cleft and binds to receptors in the motor end plate, and triggers a muscle action potential. The released Ach is destroyed by the acetylcholinestrase.At the level of the sarcolemma of the muscles, the muscle AP travels along T-tubules, opening Ca release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca binds to troponin-tropomysin complex, which releases the myosin heads, these then bind to the actin thin filaments, and draws them closer to the M line. Meanwhile bringing the Z disc closer. This leads to muscle fibre contraction. This is a egotism propagating sequence eventually leading to the contraction of ilio-psoas muscle, which causes the flexion of thigh on the pelvis. Each nerve fibre innervates many musle fibres ( about 150). This is the motor unit.The great the number of motor units recruited by the nerve action potential, the greater the force of contraction of the muscles. In the spinal cord, nerve impulse travels along the lumbar plexus (L1-L5) to innervate the iliopsoas ( hip flexion- ilio-inguinal nerve), biceps femors, semitendinosus and semimembranosus ( knee flexion sciatic nerve), ankle flexors ( EHl, EDL, TA tibial nerve), leading to the person move up the step. This excitatory impulse is also associated with the production of inhibitory action potential ( hyperpolarizing impulse) in the antagonists (eg the glutei, which must free to allow flexors to act.In the event of raising of the upper limb above the head, to lift a book, the impulse travels along the cortico spinal tract till the level of the cervical cord to synapse with the lower motor neurons of the brachial plexus ( C3-T1). From here the nerve impulses travel to shoulder elevators ( supraspinatus, deltoid, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi)- posterior cord ), elbow extensor ( triceps and anconeus radial nerve) wrist extensor ( ECRL, ECRB radial nerve), finger flexors ( FDS, FDP median(prenominal) nerve and the ulnar nerve) and the intrinsics ulnar nerve and the median nerve)

Blacks in the Revolutionary War Essay Example for Free

Blacks in the subversive War EssayBlacks in the ultra War1 Blacks in the new War African American Studies Latasha Gating September 20, 2012 LaChanda K. Clemons Blacks in the Revolutionary War2 Looking moxie at the history of the United States, it is evident that the Revolutionary War impacted the country a owing(p) deal. It was the first war fought with slaves thanks to Lord Dun more thans contr everyplacesial proclamation. Historian Benjamin Quarles stated The Negros fibre in the Revolutionary War can be best understood by realizing his major devotion was non to a place nor to a people but to a principle. There were dim loyalists, bare sailors, black patriots and black regiments who fought and died in the name of Independence. It has been estimated that over 5,000 African Americans served as soldiers for the Continental army and more than 20,000 fought for the British cause. Slavery in Colonial America is noted to have begun in 1619 with the arrival of 20 African slav es on the Dutch ship named Man-of-war. The slaves made up over half the population in the colonies although they were seen more so as property instead of people. In 1776, there were about 500,000 African American men, women and children slaves.Everyone had a reason for taking part in the war. There were factors that motivated the blacks to take part in such a battle as well. The text mentions that when it came to fighting between the Patriots on one look and their Loyalist American allies on the other, African Americans joined the side that offered freedom. Having that choice of gaining freedom in exchange for serving in the array was indeed motivation. Other motives for blacks were the Blacks in the Revolutionary War3 desire for adventure, printing in the justice and the goals of the revolution and the possibility of receiving a bounty.The Continental navy and The Royal Navy sign-language(a) blacks into the navy because of the manpower mindlessages at sea. Some blacks had been captured from the royal navy and used by the Patriots on their vessels. They to a fault served as seamen on British vessel. Slaves and free slaves served as seaman. Because so many Patriot leaders resisted employing black troops, by mid-1775, the British had taken the initiative in recruiting African Americans. Revolutionary leaders feared using blacks in the arm forces. They were afraid that the slaves who were armed would uprise against them.In May 1775 the Massachusetts Committee of Safety ready a stop to enlisting slaves in the armies of the colony. However, this did not apply to the blacks who were already serving in the army. 1775-1783 the navy recruits freed black slaves and runaway slaves. Lord Dunmore, born John Murray, was the last Royal Governor of Virginia. Because he was short of men, Dunmore issued a proclamation stating that all able bodied men to assist him in the defense of the colony, including the slaves of rebels. He promised freedom to the blacks who served. A fter doing so in a month he had 800 soldiers.The purpose of his contract was to have martial law and to encourage slaves of rebels in Virginia to leave their masters and support the loyalist cause altogether indentured servants, Negroes, or othersfree that are able Blacks in the Revolutionary War4 and willing to bear blazon Such an act outrage Virginians. Those that took Dunmore up on his word range between 800 and 2,000. The Virginia Congress replied to his Proclamation with the Dunmores wasnt as successful as his plan out, the number of his soldiers decreased due to variola major virus outbreaks.Dunmores Proclamation was the first mass emancipation of slaves in American history. After the war cease, over 5,000 blacks left for Jamaica or St. Augustine because they were the property of loyalist that they would never gain their freedom from slavery. By 1786, many were tooshie in bondage. There were those who were Patriots slaves but sided with the British were promised their f reedom and was granted such. Many black patriots found that the chain armour war military machine held no rewards for them. So many men served in the armed forces which meant that their wives were left can and had to take on their husband roles.Their lives changed a great deal during the Revolutionary War. The women, who could, serve the Colonial military forces and interacted with the male soldiers in camp. They were usually the wives and daughters of the male soldiers. The cooked, did laundry and cared for those that were sick. There also some who fought in the military battles Margaret Cochran Corbin and Captain Molly. Molloys husband had taught her how to load and fire cannons. Black women, many of whom were slaves, served both Americans and the British in the capacity of nurses, laundresses and cooks.Blacks in the Revolutionary War5 Many African American soldiers fought and died for the sake of the Revolutionary War. The war ended in 1783, slavery was dying in the North and declining in Chesapeake. What was truly the purpose of Blacks fighting if they did not attain freedom at the end of the war? Were the lives lost beneficially to the slaves or was it just a gimmick to get blacks to stand in stops where white soldiers have already died in. Blacks in the Revolutionary War6 Bibliography Georgii, Colette. May 30, 2007.Slavery in Colonial America. www. helium. com/items/365359-Colonial-Early- Gabriel, Brian. Womens roles and lives in the revolutionary war. http//www. ehow. com/) (http//blackloyalist. com/canadiandigitalcollection/story/revolution/dunmore. htm) Halpern, work (2002). Slavery and Emancipation. Blackwell Publishing. Pp. 90-91 Harold, Stanley, Hine, W. C. , Hine, D. C. The African American Odyssey Volume 1, fifth Edition. Prentice Hall. 2011. Pearson Education, Inc. . (Scribner, Robert L. (1983). Revolutionary Virginia, the Road to Independence.University of Virginia Press. Pp. xxiv. ) 2 . Scribner, Robert L. (1983). Revolutionary Virginia, the Road to Independence. University of Virginia Press. Pp. xxiv 3 . Halpern, Rick (2002). Slavery and Emancipation. Blackwell Publishing. Pp. 90-91 4 . Harold, Stanley, Hine, W. C. , Hine, D. C. The African American Odyssey Volume 1, 5th Edition. Prentice Hall. 2011. Pearson Education, Inc. 6 . Gabriel, Brian. Womens roles and lives in the revolutionary war. http//www. ehow. com/)

End of the novel Essay Example for Free

End of the new(a) EssayThis is similar to Victors pursuit for glory, as both men (Victor and Walton) are putting the life of themselves and different men in danger by continuing to try and achieve their ambition. From Victors above words we puke see that he is still motivated to seek avenge on the hellion, despite the danger to his life. He also attempts to put the life of separates in danger, as he makes Walton to murder the hellion if he gets a chanceIf I do (die), swear to me, Walton, that (the the Tempter) sh each not escape that you seek him, and satisfy my vengeance in his death. (Volume 3, Chapter 7, p212)When Victor remove its the novel, he is portrayed as a noble and physical body person who is capable of both recognize and friendship. He has strong ambition and eager to learn. However, one gets the impression that when he starts to stimulate life, he is trying to take the role of God, and becomes obsessed with gaining glory and power so much, that he forge ts the importance of love and family. Victor also fails to care for the monster, which in my opinion is highly monstrous as it just handle abandoning a new born baby.Furthermore, Victor acts selfishly in m all occasions throughout the play. He decides to create a female companion for the monster, to stop the monster chasing him. But he goes against his promise when he thinks about what the world will think of him, if a race of monsters attacks the world. Everything Victor does is centred on himself and he scarce thinks about what benefit it would be to himself, when he considers an action.Now that I have considered Victor as a character, I will in a flash examine the monster. The monster starts off his life as an innocent dick however his abnormal figure and demented shape caused people to be scared of him and reject him. When the monster walked into an old mans home to obtain food and shelter, the old man-turned on hearing a encumbrance and, perceiving (the monster), shrieked loudly, and, quitting the hut, ran across the fields.(Volume 2, Chapter 3, p108)All the man had to see was monsters figure to make him run away without any enquiry. This suggests that the creatures look posed a threat to everyone who saw him, and led to him being alienated from society.However the monster is quite kind to start off with. While he was observing the De Lacy family, he demonstrates his kind gestures by gathering a great pile of wood for the De Lacy family to use as firewood. He also put their well being before his starvation, as he stopped stealing a part of their store for (his) own consumption when he found out that it inflicted pain on the cottagers.During the pedigree period the monster spends with the De Lacy family, he perceives that the words they spoke sometimes produced pleasure or pain, smiles or sadness, in the minds and countenances of the hearers. He too wanted to be able to interact in this way and ardently desired to become acquainted with speech. This shows that the monster is eager to learn and wants to become just like other humans.Once the monster has mastered the use of speech, his desire to be like humans motivated him to enter the house of the De Lacy family, and speak to the blind old man when he was left alone at the cottage. This shows that the monster has some wit and cleverness as he selects a person who idlert assay him by his figure, but his personality and speech. However, whilst he is talking to the blind old man, the rest of the De Lacy family croak home and were shocked by the appearance of the monster to such an extent that Felix, a male member of the De Lacy family, beat the monster violently with a stick using supernatural force.It is this mistreatment of the monster that sparks a deadly hatred within himself for his creator. The monster had received abuse from the De Lacy family after he had helped them, all because of the way that Victor had made him look, and the fact that he had failed to protect him. It is this anger that makes the monster monstrous by personality and drives him to kill William (Victors younger brother)Frankenstein You belong then to my enemyto him towards whom I have sworn eternal revenge you shall be my first victim.(Volume 2, Chapter 8, p144)The monster also seems to be jealous of Victor, as he subsists that he can never have love and relationship like him and other humans because of the way he looks. We know this because the monster frames Justine for murder of William, as he knew he could never possess anything as beautiful as her. And it is this feeling that brings the monster to demand Victor to make a creature of another sex, but as hideous as himself. From this, we can see all that the monster wants is a bit of love and companionship, to make him lead a life which is similar to humans.However Victor cheats the monster by first agreeing to create the female monster, but then tearing (her) to pieces in front the monster at the final stages of her product ion. This upsets the monster as Victor has effectively destroyed the monsters only chance of love in front of his eyes. This uncongeniality caused the monster to become monstrous once again, as he murders both Henry Clerval and Elizabeth (now Victors wife)-what I now held in my arms had ceased to be the Elizabeth whom I had loved and cherished. The murderous mark of the fiends grasp was on her neck, and the breathing space had ceased to issue from her lips. (Volume 3, Chapter 6, p199)Despite this, the monster does illustrate some humane characteristics towards the end of the novel. He presents great injury for the death of Victor, and heartfelt remorse for his malicious actionsOh, Frankenstein generous and self-devoted being What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? I, who irretrievably destroyed thee by destroying all thou lovedst.

Roles and Responsibility in Lifelong Learning Essay Example for Free

Roles and Responsibility in Lifelong education EssayIn the course of my research, I discovered that the checking profession, like many other professions is being guided by a set of legislations, which potbelly too be referred to as the code of conduct for the article of faith profession. This set of legislations has been put in drive for the effective management of instructors. These legislations guide the spots and responsibilities of us instructors.WHAT ARE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIESThe Chambers Combined Dictionaries defined role as a part played in life, the function of a person or thing. With the in-depth judgment that my role as teacher exceed just teaching in the class room, I build come to appreciate the key legislations that guides the teaching profession. My role as a teacher requires me amongst other titles to be a guardian, an instructor, a director. The key aspects of legislation and regulations that that guides the teaching profession in England atomic number 18, but to not restore to I being a teacher must have an in-depth knowledge of the discipline that I teach in other to be confident in transferring it to my students. As a teacher, I must posses the office to Plan, Prep be, Deliver and also Assess the student. This is to aid the subject understanding or academic development of the student. (Dept for statement May 2012).1 From my understanding the course of planning and preparing would also bring out some form of enthusiasm from me (the teacher) towards the subject that I teach and my job in general.The law demands that I am fair towards every sensation student that I am responsible for and I also treat my student with respect no matter their culture, ethnic back maroon, religious belief, sexual orientation and political view, ability or dis-ability. (Equality Act 2010). In all educational setting a teacher is expected to work the inclusive method of teaching, as by so doing, no student or group of student feels pigeonh oled. Having said that, the code of practice expect me not to be incognisance of the fact that there are different theories of acquisition. As a siz satisfactory teacher I need to have detailed understanding of these theories and when to apply them. I should be able to set high standard, motivate and inspire my students. Keep detailed record of learners activities, mind and progress.The ministry of Education demands that I should be trained and prepared to address the daily challenges that is been exhibited by different students In the learning centre. Remarkably Dr S.Wallace has enlightened teachers and student teachers on challenging behaviour in the womb-to-tomb learning sector and how to deal with it. (S.Wallace. 2007 p.1)2. Finally all teachers must are to ensure their continual sea captain development (CPD).B AN ANALYSIS OF BOUNDARIES IN THE TEACHING PROFFESSIONProfessionalism demands that boundaries be set between a function provider and his or her client, in this case between the teacher and the leaner. In the education sector it is the avocation of the teacher and the school authority to set out these boundaries for both staff and learners, but it is the express handicraft of the teacher to ensure that these boundaries are established because we are in most cases the only hand the learners stool in the learning centre for a slip awayn period of time These boundaries define the effective and bewitch relationship between the teacher and the learners. Teachers are to ensure that they dress allowly to the learning centre.Firstly, due to the touristy saying dress the way you want to be addressed. Secondly the teaching role makes the teacher a role model as well and the impression they make on the learner has a huge impact on the learners life. (Kyriacou 2001)3 Teachers are to ensure that they do not figure into any personal relationship with the learners, be it in the further education setting or otherwise. private relationship may lead to favouritism and erode the teachers sense of good judgement. We teacher are not to give our personal information to the students and these include personal telephone number and addresses and we are to at no time entertain our students in our home.Teachers are to use good or appropriate language at all times. Also teacher are to be cautious of their physical contact that they make with students. Depending on the setting were they are, it would be advisable for no physical contact to be do except in emergencies or for health and safety reasons. For the purpose of this research I think it would also be ideal for teacher to always evaluate the circumstances that they are in and how the set boundaries are affecting any particular situation or student. C A REVIEW OF POINTS OF REFFERAL TO MEET THE necessitate OF LEARNERS Every learner has the right to expect that they will receive high quality learning, appropriate to their need and circumstances in a safe and healthy environment. (Succe ss for All, DES 2002)4 At the point of referral it is absolute that initial assessment is carried out for the school authority to know of any risk or financial backing plan that need to set up for the learners.It could be that some learner requires the support of a teaching assistant. It might be a case whereby the learner requires an assistive technology to make learning easier for the individual. compress for instance, I have student in my class who is having an issue of drug and alcoholic beverage addiction or misuse, I would have a discussion with the learner, with his or her permission and the school authoritys a the learner would be referred to agency who helps people with drug and alcohol problem, i.e The National Treatment Agency For shopping center Misuse run by the NHS or any other available agency dealing with drugs and and alcohol misuse. The therapy that such a student receives from this referral impacts greatly on the learners story and life in general, which then create some sense of satisfaction to me as a teacher, knowing that I have fulfilled my role not just as a teacher but also as a learnD AN EXPLANATION OF HOW TO PROMOTE APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOUR AND RESPECT FOR OTHERSIn every organisation and learning environment it is important for some ground rules to be set by management and for the purpose of this research, teacher. These ground rules create orderliness in the learning centre and mutual respect from both learners to teachers and amongst learners themselves. These ground rules as to start from the teacher. The teacher is to first ensure that he is not late for class as this could give room to student to get dis-engaged even before the start of the lesson. Teachers should arrive early to create a conducive and supportive learning environment for the students. This would enable the students to settle down to work or study upon their arrival to class.Teachers are to ensure that there is a clear guide about the days lesson because it ha s been recognised that students like to know the confines within which they are expected to work(Ann Gravell 3rd Edition).5 hit a settling in activity that engages every learner in the class room i.e a quiz or a timed group work, this way, every student gets involved in the lesson for the day. at that place should be a clear communication network from the teacher to the learners. There should be fairness and disturb praise or discipline of the learner so there is no case of favouritism which bathroom lead to disorderliness in class.ReferencesGravells,A. (2008) Preparing to teach in the life long learning sector. Third edition. Learning Matters. London, Sage publication.Kyriacou.C (2001) Essential Teaching Skill. 3rd Edition. Cheltenham, united kingdom. Nelson Thornes LimitedWallace S (2007). Managing Behavior in the lifelong Learning Sector. 2nd Edition. Exeter, England. Learning Matters. P.1Ministry of Education, (2012) Dept For Education and Special Needs. Teachers Standard. E ngland.www.education.gov.uk

Case Study One Solved Ethics Essay Example for Free

Case Study One Solved Ethics EssayIntegrityYour son, Mark, has been working dark and day on a major write out for his company over the past six months.To defend his companys viability, Mark had to divulge certain private corporate nurture to Jimthe prospective customer. He gave out the private information during the closing phase of the contract exclusively after it had been clearly implied the contract would be his.Unfortunately, the contract did not materialize. Jim found a better deal.Mark is really upset by Jims lack of railway line ethics. He is also a little worried about retention his job. He now believes that many of the statements made throughout the contract discussions and negotiations were false and deliberately misleading.QuestionOK dad/mom, your son Mark needs some advice. Write him a one-page letter. How should he adopt handled this property and what should he do now? Bring your answer to week 2.Dear sonI tactile sensation very good that you are seeking h elp of your parents .Being a mother I feel that you should strive to keep your professional life a better one and not to reveal any information about the company and the policies to any of the customers as the information and the things of business are very sensitive and may cause a great harm if the person you are sharing with is not loyal. According to me you should have read the policies and the contract before signing any of the document and you should try to avoid such a mistake again in life.With regard to this I must say you should try to consult a lawyer or any lawsuit if you find any problem with the Jim. And if you feel that Jim is not doing well and is not standing on the contract made then you should try to avoid bring out secretive information to any of the person and should read the policies and make a suitable contract with only trust worthy person and if you feel like you are cheated or any kind of acquittance has happened then you must sue or file a case against that person. But the ethics and the run short things that comes to my mind is the ethic of honesty and a reliability. You should try to avoid such mistakes in future so that your hard work will become fruitful and you will become a successful business personality.

Human learning and survival Essay Example for Free

Human acquire and survival of the fittest EssayThere is a common persuasion that the ability to learn is what makes humanity survival possible. I believe that survival is non based just on learning. Human survival especially in times of vast surroundingsal change is the resoluteness of a combination of learning, logic, debate and subsequent application of knowledge. The thing that sets humankind apart from other hold things is intellect, which according to the dictionary is the ability to learn and reason. Learning is simply the ability of physicals ( human beings included) to acquire and retain everyplacebold information. Whenever we try to learn a new dance step, learn a new language or simply remember the names of state we meet, we in fact use our learning faculties. So do animals when they figure taboo that scrounging around in garbage cans can reward them with food. Darwinian theory proposes the theme of evolution wherein living things adjust biologically, men tally and physiologically to environmental conditions and demands. When the concept of survival of the fittest and natural natural selection is discussed, it pertains to animals that atomic number 18 not just physically fit but mentally as well (Arrizza).In fact most biologists and anthropologists support this thinking by citing the instance of how earth bring al ways depended on their wits in order to survive. More often than not, it is the more dull-witted ones who perish even before they let given birth to offspring, which probably is a good thing for succeeding generations (Thorndike, 1931, p. 184). It was stunningly simple. Nature does what animal breeders do, but gradually, and over longer periods of time. In a species, those individuals who be best adapted in their inheritable endowment will succeed, and survive, correct than their fellows.That is the struggle for existence. Those successful individuals will leave more offspring, and this will come across the mode , the central tendency of the species, in their direction. Following generations will continue to undergo selection for be quiet weaken adaptation running, swimming, seeing, hiding, chewing, or all together. (Howells, 1993, p. 6) Supposing this theory was correct however, it would imply that the weak or learning challenged mankind would curb been weeded out a long time ago. The thing is that in to twenty-four hourss times, learning challenged humans still exist and even thrive.There are some quarters that may opine that intelligence and the using of skill are products of mental evolution. Evolution refers to progress to something more functional, advanced and suited to the current environment (Human Evolution). The fashioning and use of primitive tools are just a few hallmarks of how human intelligence has evolved and apply learning into something that helped their survival. For all practical purposes, learning is often seen as an attempt to create a retrospection or store in formation that lasts as it is invariably linked with memory. Dr. Eric R.Kandle, vice chairman of the Dana Alliance for mental capacity Initiatives sums it as Learning is how you acquire new information about the world, and memory is how you store that information over time (What is learning) Simply put, it is just the accumulation of facts and information. At this point it is important to point out the end between learning and memory. Kandle points out that not all learning can get stored into long consideration memory. Such is the case of things a person learned in school. Unless these lessons are used in day to day life, many will have trouble remembering them some years after.Kandle adds that There is no memory without learning, but there is learning without memory. (What is learning) True learning cannot exist without memory but Thorndike (1911) scorns the approximation that human learning is the same as real human intellect. He states that learning alone does not include t he more complex processes of reasoning or inference. No real thought is given to the kin and causality of things, neither is there an appreciation of the progress the application of learning is causing. He further posits that learning is based solely on factors that are perplex in the environment.It is human intellect that makes it possible for humans to think and develop further learning outside the box or beyond what are present in his environment. Rychlak (1994) supports this contention with his own theory of Logic Learning. Rychlak believes that learning is an inherent quality in twain humans and animals alike. Humans however possess the power and potential of logic that enables them to make sense and narrow down purpose and function to information that is learned. (p. 35) Learning is not check to humans. Every living being has the capability to learn. It has been proven that animals including dogs, cats and even bees have information and skill acquiring capabilities. Wh ile most animal characteristics are arguably innate or instinctive like a newborn baby or puppys pablum searching and sucking reflex, many later skills are learned. What sets people apart is rather not limited to the capacity to learn and store information but rather in the processing of this information later on and figuring out what to do with it. Animal learning is mostly based on impulses and instinct.There are three different ways by which organisms learn by trial and error, by observation and imitation, and by instruction. (Campbell, 1998, p. 39) Trial and error is by far the most common method of learning among living organisms. An example of this is when a mouse tries to figure its way out of a puzzle by trying out first one path, accordingly another until it hits upon the correct path to follow. Observation and imitation is illustrated by how the immature of animals and humans alike acquire learning by watching and imitating the actions of their parents. This is most c ommonly the basis of the culture of behavioral patterns and actions.Finally, and what is arguably the method incomparable to humans is the method of instruction through language. Why is it unique? Instruction needs conscious thought and full intention of teaching. What is more is that instruction is a wide factor in the propagation of a culture yet the topics and methods of instruction are also for the most part dependent on culture (p. 40). Language is also another important and distinctive part of both human culture, instruction and in effect, human learning (Alland, 1973, p. 209). Using language in instruction speeds up the learning process thereby allowing for more potential information to be learned and assimilated.Instructions and responses are direct and accurate. In the same way, a shared language serves both as a centripetal element of culture and shared experience between individuals. Learning and Adaptation Enough mention has been do of adaptation with regard to huma n survivalwhat is adaptation? Adaptation is lexically defined as an enrollment to conditions present within an environment or a reaction to a persistent and present stimulus. It allows an organism to adapt or change components or behaviors within itself to match the demands of its environment.Survival is an organisms ability to exist and broadcast in relation to its surroundings and environments. Is learning the key to adaptation and in effect human survival? No. But it is one of the fundamental and major contributors to it. Like most living organisms, humans have physical limitations that are challenged by natural elements and processes such as climate, hunger and other environmental conditions. hostile other animals however, humans are relatively less sensitive and attuned to environmental changes (Piantadosi, 2003, p. 1).It is at this point that the human ability to learn, reason and compare their living conditions and determine problems that may exist and threaten their survi val. Like people in modern days, primitive men had their environment with its own accompanying problems. If modern people right away are challenged by more high tech issues like traffic, work, and finances, our primitive ancestors had to figure out ways of keeping warm in the winter and putting food on the table (or rock). There were challenges in how to hunt and capture prey effectively as well as make sure that they do not become prey to carnivorous predators of their time.From plain materials and tools fashioned with flint and animal bone, primitive humans graduated to working with copper which was more malleable yet as tough as stone, and then to the much stronger bronze which was formed by melting copper with tin and finally, iron (Hartman, 1996). Supporters of learning as the keystone of survival wold point this out as a way by which learning meliorate human existence. But basing on definitions alone, learning meant that they simply realized that stone is not so sonant to w ork with, copper is malleable but pretty weak, and bronze and iron are harder metals.It is logic and reasoning that made it possible for them to realize that 1. ) there are problems with the materials they are using, 2. ) they need to find a better solution to their requirements, hence the search and formulation of copper and bronze. Without logic and reasoning people then would have simply stopped at knowing. One may look at this the same way as the differentiation between science and technology. Science is that wide and impressive body of knowledge which will roost meaningless unless applied and utilized in technology.